The Life Of The Dali Lama Essay -- essays research papers

     The Dalai Lamas biographyHis Holiness the 14th the Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso, is the head of state and spiritual leader of the Tibetan people. He was born Lhamo Dhondrub on 6 July 1935, in a small village called Taktser in northeastern Tibet. Born to a peasant family, His Holiness was recognized at the age of two, in conformity with Tibetan tradition, as the reincarnation of his predecessor the 13th Dalai Lama, and thus an incarnation Avalokitesvara, the Buddha of Compassion.The Dalai Lamas are the manifestations of the Bodhisattva (Buddha) of Compassion, who chose to reincarnate to serve the people. Lhamo Dhondrub was, as Dalai Lama, renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso - Holy Lord, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender of the Faith, ocean of Wisdom. Tibetans normally refer to His Holiness as Yeshe Norbu, the Wishfulfilling Gem or simply Kundun - The Presence.The enthronement ceremony took place on February 22, 1940 in Lhasa, the capi tal of Tibet.Education in TibetHe began his education at the age of six and completed the Geshe Lharampa Degree (Doctorate of Buddhistic Philosophy) when he was 25 in 1959. At 24, he took the preliminary examinations at each of the three monastic universities Drepung, Sera and Ganden. The final examination was conducted in the Jokhang, Lhasa during the annual Monlam Festival of Prayer, held in the first month of every year Tibetan calendar.Leadership ResponsibilitiesOn November 17, 1950, His Holiness was called upon to assume full political power (head of the State and Government) after some 80,000 Peoples Liberation Army soldiers invaded Tibet. In 1954, he went to capital of Red China to talk peace with Mao Tse-tung and other Chinese leaders, including Chou En-lai and Deng Xiaoping. In 1956, while visiting India to attend the 2500th Buddha Jayanti Anniversary, he had a series of meetings with Prime see Nehru and Premier Chou about deteriorating conditions in Tibet.His efforts to bring about a peaceful solution to Sino-Tibetan conflict were thwarted by Bejings ruthless policy in Eastern Tibet, which ignited a popular uprising and resistance. This resistance movement spread to other parts of the country. On 10 March 1959 the capital of Tibet, Lhasa, detonate with the largest demonstration in Tibetan history, calling on China to leave Tibet and reaffirming Tibets ... ...his year. But I do not believe the demonstrations were in vain, because the spirit of liberty was rekindled among the Chinese people and China cannot escape the impact of this spirit of freedom sweeping in many parts of the arena. The brave students and their supporters showed the Chinese leadership and the world the human face of that great nations."A Simple Buddhist monkHis Holiness often says, "I am just a simple Buddhist monk - no more, nor less."His Holiness follows the life of Buddhist monk. Living in a small cottage in Dharamsala, he rises at 4 A.M. to meditate, pursues a n ongoing schedule of administrative meetings, private audiences and religious teachings and ceremonies. He concludes each day with further prayer before retiring. In explaining his greatest sources of inspiration, he often cites a favorite verse, found in the writings of the renowned eighth century Buddhist saint ShantidevaFor as unyielding as space enduresAnd for as capacious as living beings remain,Until then may I too abideTo dispel the misery of the world.For as long as space enduresAnd for as long as living beings remain,Until then may I too abideTo dispel the misery of the world.

Differences between Beatrice and Hero in Much Ado about Nothing Essay

Differences between Beatrice and Hero in the early scenes of Shakespeares cinch Much Ado about NothingShakespeares play Much Ado about Nothing has 2 main female characters, Beatrice and Hero, who are cousins. Both appear to be completely different in the outset of the play but, as things progress and their characters develop, there are withal some very obvious quasi(prenominal)ities between them. Hero and Beatrice prevail a very tightlipped relationship they are best friends. Leonato is Heros father but Beatrice has no parents, which gives her greater freedom. Where Hero is polite, quiet, respectful and gentle, Beatrice is feisty, cynical, witty, and sharp. Shakespeare uses quite a lot of literary devices and techniques to present the characters of Hero and Beatrice in a way that lets the audience easily compare and contrast them. For example, in the characterisation of Hero and Beatrice, the dialogue used what they plead, how they say it, what other characters say about the m and Heros silence are all very important in revealing their characters in a similar way, their actions what the characters do, and their inaction contrasts and creates significant difference between them, bringing each ones personality. In addition, Shakespeares constant use of dramatic irony, exaggeration and tell apart plots, themes and structure all combine in his presentation of the cardinal.At the start of the play Hero is presented as a typical woman of the time, modest and coy she says little. In fact, Shakespeares first words describing Hero, Is she not a modest young lady announce her essential qualities of modesty and decorum. In this period, these were vital qualities to have in a wife and Hero possessed them, unlike Beatrice. By contrast, Shakespeare portrays Beatrice as an untypical woman, being outspoken, independent, witty and unconventional she is always participating in the conversation even with the men (especially benedict), which Hero never does.A prime ex ample of this in Act 1 is when Beatrice asks the messenger about Benedick, (a lord, and soldier from Padua) in an offensive wayI pray you, is Signor Mountanto returned from the wars or no? This is part of her merry war with Benedick. Beatrice appears to loathe Benedick and vice versa they engage in many skirmishes of wit. However, although Beatrice appears hardened and sharp, she is vu... ...he other hand, Beatrice and Benedick are comedy-makers and Beatrice is not ruled by her father as Hero clearly is. It does take Don Pedros benevolent plot to bring Benedick and Beatrice together, however. A modern audience would prefer Beatrice to Hero as she is her own self and admirable. The relationships also differ because Benedick and Beatrices relationship slowly grew whereas Claudio and Heros relationship was love at first sight. Perhaps it was a little hasty as we view in Act 4 how their love turns sour.Beatrice and Hero are both wonderful and intriguing characters. They develop in int eresting ways and they represent two extremely different views of society and what it was like to be a woman in those patriarchal times.I find Beatrice the more interesting character of the two women she is more active and has a fuller character which lets you speculate about her whereas this isnt possible with Hero because her character is so bland. Beatrices character is also more entertaining and she stimulates feelings out of the reader, making you like or dislike her and the way she acts and again this isnt as possible for Hero because her character is so featureless.

My Writing Style Essay example -- Writing Profile

Whenever I get a writing appellative for class, it seems like a chore. I dont comport a problem with writing, but papers always seem to take more time than they should. Maybe this is due to scurvy planning on my part, but essays are usually an ordeal, and I dread certainly doing the work to finish one. The task is simple enough, but putting it move out always seems like a better alternative to writing. I do think about the paper that I suck up to write, but I do not put thoughts and ideas into a paper or outline until I absolutely need to do so. From the moment I am given an assignment sheet, I begin brainstorming about the paper. I may not use any of these ideas, but I think of them. I also have a tendency to forget good ideas, which leads me to think that I should write some of them down, but that would be too much work. Whatever ideas that I do remember will be used in some sort of informal outline I make before I start actual work on my paper. Unless it is required for a c lass, however, I usually just keep this outline in my head. I find it to be more conciliative if I dont have anything written or structured at this point, and rather just have several ideas floating in my head. As soon as there is an outline or introduction paragraph written, I feel more committed to my work. At this point, Im hopefully comfortable enough with what I have to begin putting in work on my paper. The introduction is usually the most time-consuming part of the paper. in that location are so many different aspects of the paper that must go into the intro, and composing one is hard because of this. I need to set the tone for the stick of my paper, and write in a style that captivates my readers at the same time. I try to establish that my paper will be serious and academic... ...ught. My style is my style, and thats really all I can say about it. In writing about the process, I dont feel I have a better understanding of how I write, but I definitely have a better conce pt of what I actually do when I write. Im not looking to improve my writing process, because it works for me. To my knowledge, theres nothing wrong with how I write, and the papers I bring up are, in my opinion, quality. I may be stubborn or arrogant, but unless someone tells me otherwise, I may be right as well. As a first-year student at State University, Im aware that I wont stop writing any time soon. From what I have seen, however, how I write wont change too much my style is my style, and it has been for a long time. A few stylistic changes may occur depending on the class for which an assignment is due, but I will always be me, and my writing will always be mine.

How to safely ride :: essays research papers

How To Safely Ride A Dirt Motorcycle 1Racing, hill climbing, jumping, and acting dangerous tricks on a dirt bike sounds like fun, however it can get very dangerous.A. I will inform you how to be a safe dirt biker. B. I have experience in this field from dealing with many aspects on this sport, negative and positive. I have realized that guard duty is the most important factor. C.When dirt bike riding, it is very important to be in touch with your personal gear, familiar with bike trails, and biking behaviors.2. be correctly worthy in your personal gear is the first important factor of dirt bike riding.A. The helmet and goggles protect your eyes and head. Boots,shin guards, gloves, pants, jersey, knee pads, elbow pads, chest protector, and the kidney belt ammunition should all be put on to protect you from unexpected accidents. 3.When riding on a bike trail always bew be of your surroundings.A. Certain trails are designated for certain off road vehicles. Always travel on designat ed trails, pay attention to all signs that tell whether a trail is open or unappealing to OHV use. B. Signs indicating trail ratings and one-way trails are posted at each trailhead. C. Always fluff within your skill level. From easiest to most difficult, a green circle, blue square, and fatal diamond are signals representing the difficulty of a trail. These signals indicate the expertise needed to ride that trail under normal condition. Use these signs as a reminder of which trails are suitable for you. 4.Always use good judgment when involved with dirt biking activities.A. Know your vehicle, read the owners manual, and use common sense. B.Dont ride alone, ride with experienced riders. If for some reason you are planning to ride alone, always tell a responsible person where you are traveling and when you will return. 5.Being ready, and equipped for an emergency is a must when dirt biking because you will never know when you will be stranded or in a demeanor or death situatio n.A.. Most importantly, make sure to carry drinking water, a first-aid kit, map and compass, warm clothes, water-proof matches, emergency lights, and repair tools.

Battle of the Bulge - A World War 2 Battle :: World War II History

Battle of the Bulge - A World War 2 BattleThe World War Two was a very severe war. on that point were many involvements that were fought during it. One of the biggest land battles was Battle of the Bulge. (http//helios.) The battle took place on December 16, 1944 under cover a very dense fog which was very difficult for the army to see. (Danzer et. al. 744) These conditions are hard to see in but to stage of the biggest land battle in the history of World War Two, it was authentically an astounding event and a very tragic memory. The battle was fought in a heavily forested Ardennes region of eastern Belgium and northern Luxembourg (http//www.mm.) The concomitant that the battle was fought in a heavy forested area, with the conditions of the fog made the battle more dangerous, because the sight was poor and there was no clue where the diametrical army was hidden. The Battle of the Bulge was a very vicious battle that had taken place. The battle included 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans and 55,000 British. (http//helios.) More than one million of the worlds men fought in this battle. It claimed 100,000 German casualties, killed wounded or captured, 81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed, 1,400 British casualties and 200 killed. (http//www.mm.) This was a massive amount of people to be killed in one horrible battle in the worlds history. The Germans led by Hitler went westward, they captured 120 American GIs near Malmedy, they herded the prisoners into a field and shot them with machine guns and pistols. (Danzer et. al. 744) This was a very vicious thing that the Germans had do to the US GIs. The American troops led by Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe led the troops to Bastogne, a city of Belgium, were badly surrounded and our numbered by the Germans, that is were the American troops were demanded to surrender. (Danzer et. al. 744). In the end there were 800 tanks lost on each side, and 1,000 German aircraft lost as wel l. (http//www.mm.) This was a lot of machinery to have lost Hitler could non replace all the things he lost, so he had nothing left to do but to retreat. The way the battle had ended had the feeling of it being unfinished. The associate were credited in holding the Germans back. (http//helios.) This was a good thing because the Germans lost most of their resources, and the most important of all things, time.

Battle of the Bulge - A World War 2 Battle :: World War II History

Battle of the Bulge - A serviceman War 2 BattleThe World War Two was a very(prenominal) severe war. There were many battles that were fought during it. One of the biggest land battles was Battle of the Bulge. (http//helios.) The battle took place on December 16, 1944 under cover a very abstruse fog which was very difficult for the army to see. (Danzer et. al. 744) These conditions are hard to see in but to stage of the biggest land battle in the history of World War Two, it was truly an astounding event and a very tragic memory. The battle was fought in a heavily forested Ardennes region of eastern Belgium and Federal Luxembourg (http//www.mm.) The fact that the battle was fought in a heavy forested area, with the conditions of the fog made the battle more dangerous, because the sight was poor and there was no clue where the opposite army was hidden. The Battle of the Bulge was a very abominable battle that had taken place. The battle included 600,000 Germans, 500,000 Americans and 55,000 British. (http//helios.) More than superstar billion of the worlds men fought in this battle. It claimed 100,000 German casualties, killed wounded or captured, 81,000 American casualties, including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed, 1,400 British casualties and 200 killed. (http//www.mm.) This was a massive amount of people to be killed in one horrible battle in the worlds history. The Germans led by Hitler went westward, they captured 120 American GIs near Malmedy, they herded the prisoners into a field and shot them with machine guns and pistols. (Danzer et. al. 744) This was a very vicious thing that the Germans had done to the US GIs. The American troops led by Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe led the troops to Bastogne, a city of Belgium, were badly touch and our numbered by the Germans, that is were the American troops were demanded to surrender. (Danzer et. al. 744). In the end there were 800 tanks lost on each side, and 1,000 German aircraft lost as well. (h ttp//www.mm.) This was a lot of machinery to yield lost Hitler could not replace all the things he lost, so he had nothing left to do but to retreat. The way the battle had ended had the smelling of it being unfinished. The allies were credited in holding the Germans back. (http//helios.) This was a good thing because the Germans lost most of their resources, and the most important of all things, time.

A Comparison between Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Vladimir Paral’s Essay

Fyodor Dostoevskys classic, annoyance and penalisation, and Vladimir Parals Lovers and Murderers describe a world of tidy up, dejection and profound human un enjoyment. The 2 authors explore clean abasement and the destiny of mankind, as ruled by lust, jealousy and im honorable instincts. As it shall be seen however, the ii refreshfuls differ considerably in the way in which they swear out the subject of disgust, as well as in their point of view and the tone of the narrative.Thus, Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment is centered on the idea of moral ambiguity. The Russian author uses an omniscient point of view in order to recount Rodyon Raskolnikovs experiences before and after he commits the murder. The tone of the narrative is practiced and meditative, as questions of faith and justice atomic number 18 interspersed throughout the events and dialogues in the novel. Vladimir Parals Lovers and Murderers treats the theme of murder in conjunction with that of love.The narrat ive enters a world bountiful of promiscuity and violence, focusing on a great number of characters and the interactions among them. Un akin Dostoevskys book that focuses on the portrait and experiences of the main character, Parals work is refer with the plurality of voices. Moreover, the point of view shifts frequently from the omniscient narrator to the first person narrative, sometimes within the aforesaid(prenominal) phrase. Lovers and Murderers is a chimerical mosaic, with a noncontinuous narrative and a satiric tone.While Dostoevskys work raises questions of morality and social justice, Parals novel re reachs the spectacle of human spirit with resignation. T here(predicate) is no respectable conclusion to Parals analysis of human life and character he chooses to describe the dynamic of humanity in its bleakest and most ironic aspects. For Dostoevsky, human life is also full of coincidences and accidents. Although, the limit mingled with right and wrong is relative, ult imately, the novel emphasizes the belief in punishment and redemption.In Parals novel, there is no all the way delimitation between innocence and guilt the characters be all fanatics, consumed by passions, jealousy and greedy cravings. Significantly, love and violence intermingle throughout the novel, marking the mass of the relationships among different characters. Paral shows therefore that human interaction is never comp allowely innocent people devour and are devoured sadistically by destructive relationships. Instead of ending in union and harmony, each affair ends in destruction and crime.In Crime and Punishment there is the possibility of salvation and the triumph of love. Lovers and Murderers shows murder to be the henchman of love, with no possibility for moral cleansing. Both novels therefore analyze morality in the context of the dynamics of society, emphasizing the interactions among different characters entirely with different conclusions. the pits and morality ar e seen as paradoxes in Dostoevskys work, but, ultimately sins can be redeemed after having been committed.Parals novel illuminates the tableau of human relationships and the relativity of moral principles very differently all the characters are fallen men and women, who abuse or are abused by early(a)s. Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment is concerned primarily with moral paradoxes, exemplified through the stories of various characters. The central taradiddle, that of Raskolnikov, is paradoxical. The protagonist is an extremely poor student, who struggles with his enormous debts to his landlady and with constant hunger and misery.A proud and distinguished character, Raskolnikov is tormented by his unjust and humiliating social standing. Despite his intelligence, he lives poorly and is constantly besieged by material concerns. As the novel opens, Raskolnikov has already developed the philosophy that would lead him to murder he muses that there are superior men who should be able to p unish others for their sins. Interestingly therefore, the murder is mean as a punishment of the mean pawnbroker, in the name of social justice.The first part of the novel captures Raskolnikovs inner tension as he struggles to discern right from wrong. There follows the critical moment of the actual, duplicate murder and afterwards his punishment and final redemption. The cyclical nature of his experience is symbolisationic Dostoevsky points here to the paradoxes of morality. Raskolnikovs act of murder is in itself meant as a punishment and may seem right in its context. To enhance the ambiguity however, Dostoevsky arranges for a double murder the circumstances force the protagonist to kill Lizaveta as well, the pawnbrokers innocent sister.The novel offers yet other instances of moral ambiguity, such as the angelic and innocent Sonia who is forced to become a prostitute in order to earn money and save her hungered family And then I byword, young man, I saw Katerina Ivanovna, in the same silence go up to Sonias little bed she was on her knees all the evening kissing Sonias feet, and would non notice up, and then they both fell asleep in each others arms together, together yes and I lay drunk (Dostoevsky 30).Her mother in law, who had previously maltreated her, is now grateful and reverent towards the girl. Sacrifice and generosity are therefore accepted and appreciated in the novel. Her father, Marmeladov, is another(prenominal) example of moral equivocalness a hopeless drunk, he is a good man who loves his family yet cannot conquer his protest vice in order to save them. Marmeladovs employer also acts generously, although he does so in vain he offers him his job back, despite his dependence on alcohol, out of pity for his family.Throughout the novel, morality is questioned, but there is sufficient evidence of the existence of good alongside with evil. The ambiguity that Crime and Punishment describes is one of form rather than substance. In Parals Lo vers and Murderers morality is permanently mixed with sin. Women and men, coming from the dregs of society as well as from its highest ranks, live in utter disorder and promiscuity. Innocence and guilt are neither relative nor circumstantial. Significantly, the book is dual-lane in numerous fragments bearing two alternative titles Conquerors and Besieged.In Parals vision, the world is not divided in right and wrong, but rather in abusers and abused. These basic roles are moreover easily interchangeable. The relationships seemed to be weighed on a scale, which always tips in respect of one of the partners. The relationship between Alex Serafin and Dasa is a relevant example Alex conquers and even enslaves the rich woman but he is eventually rejected by the same woman that seemed totally dependent on him. The world of the inhabitants of building 2000 is devoid of moral principles and reasoning.The men and women are driven only by impulses of self-gratification. Their affairs are viol ent and each partner, either abused or abusive, derives selfish pleasure from the communion. Love is rapacious, lustful and possessive Love is prey and everyone longs for his own destruction lets not want them to expose the necks themselves(Paral 187). If Raskolnikovs world is marked by sin and punishment, Parals characters pursue their own pleasure and interests without having to pay for their deeds.Raskolnikov murders the two women in his pursuit of justice, without deriving any personal gain from the deed, despite having found a considerable fortune in the ladies flat. In Parals novel, murder is only perpetrated as a crime of passion. In the case of Borek and Zita, murder is even gratuitous. The comparison between their story and that of Julien Sorel and Madame de Renal in Stendhals scarlet and Black, is extremely significant. While in Stendhals morality is extensively explored, Borek and Zitas affair is devoid of any compunctions of guilt despite the occurrence that Zita is a unify woman.The line between love and murder is very thin one of the partners is always the hunter who chases his victim. The moment when Borek finally conquers Zita and possesses her body is very relevant. The man feels that, quite of loving thoughts he develops murderous ones, without being able to discern between the two categories anymore I realized I was standing there worry a murderer, insane because as a murderer I could not act otherwise, even though I had come as a lover, equivalent a murderer or a lover, insane because I no longer saw any difference (Paral 188).If Crime and Punishment discusses moral ambiguity, Lovers and Murderers comments on the ambiguity of love and murder. Sexuality is always mixed with sadism and violence in Parals novel, so as to emphasize the fact that love is in fact abusive and possessive rather than disciplined and saintly. Marriage itself is a failure in the novel. An early scene in the novel points to the ultimate moral abjection of the c haracters. Thus, the poor working woman Madda pays a visit to Frank in his rich and sumptuous apartment.When he asks her to put on a wedding go under as part of the ritual of lovemaking, the woman muses on her previous sexual degradation and you dont waste to apologize for madman anything, my earlier lovers wouldnt even take my clothes off, or even their own, a white wedding dress to church Ive made love with the dirty blister of contemptible overalls between our bodies (Paral 32). Ironically however, her romantic hopes are bitterly deceived by her heartless partner.Instead of offering the wedding dress as a symbol for love and purity, he uses it as part of a humiliating trick when Madda is dressed and kneeling before him, Franks wife enters the room and it becomes clear that the woman was only used as amusement by the rich couple. In Parals world the beautiful dreams disintegrate very fast. Lovers and Murderers shows that moral choices and principles have to be settled among peo ple and thus no intention or action is definitely pure.Raskolnikov acts in the name of a higher principles, which he sees as commanding I didnt kill a human being, but a principle I killed the principle, but I didnt overstep, I halt on this side. I was only capable of killing (Dostoevsky 389). Raving with a guilty conscience, Raskolnikov tries to convince himself of the moral justifications of his deed. He didnt kill another human being, his violence was directed solely against an erroneous principle. Besides Raskolnikov, the novel abounds in generous characters.For instance, Dounia, Raskolnikovs sister is willing to sacrifice her own happiness in a marriage she does not desire, in order to help her family. When the same Dounia is accused of trying to attract her employer and make him commit adultery, she escapes by her own generosity and nobility. Moreover, it is the employers wife that actually mends the girls reputation after having marred it, by showing the proof of her innocen ce to the world. There is no redemption and generosity in Parals novel.The characters act upon their personal interests, without considering each others feelings. The life that the characters lead is the life of a jungle, where there are no rules other than personal survival and gratification They live only for the fulfillment of their eternal appetites like animals running free in a jungle. For pleasure alone like the courtiers of Louis XV (Paral 164). People are not concerned with judgments of value and with ethical principles. Paral introduces his readers to the psychological jungle of humanity, where people follow only their instincts.In Crime and Punishment, on the other hand, Dostoevsky explores sin and crime from a religious and ethical perspective. As critic Alfred Bem notes, Dostoevsky proceeds from the idea of a feeling of the original sin present in all minds To understand Dostoevskys thought one must allow for the presence in the human psyche of a feeling of iniquity as such, independent of the existence of any concrete crimewhat we king call the feeling of original sin. We can assume, then, that the feeling of sin, of guilt can be present in the psyche unaccompanied by any consciousness of crime (Bem 59).Hence comes the moral ambiguity of the characters however saintly in their morality and character, they can succumb to sin because the seed is already planted in the human psyche. Parals world is also dominated by sinfulness, but, in this case, the characters lag their nobility. They are all fallen, abject people, who live by their instincts rather than by principles. Moreover, Raskolnikov performs an experiment more than an actual murder. He wants to apply his philosophical theory to earth and see its effects.Dostoevsky captures here the essence of humanity and its inherent rejection of murder. Ultimately, Raskolnikov is unable to commit his crime in complete cold bloodedness, despite the solidness of his arguments and theory mayhap no work of literature presents so graphically a man testing and living, psychologically and even physiologically, a theory. Raskolnikovs theory, it will be remembered, is that crime is accompanied by sickness, by a loss of willpower and self-control, unless it is committed for sufficient reason by an extraordinary man, in which case it is no crime. (Shaw 142).It is not so with Parals murderers they virtually live in a jungle, where, besides instincts and passions, there is only shame without real substance. The point of view and the tone elect by the two authors are also relevant. Raskolnikovs story is told objectively, from an omniscient perspective. This narrative technique does not obscure the characters inner turmoil, however. Dostoevsky pairs his omniscience with confirmative speech, a device which helps to reveal the heros thoughts and emotions. Raskolnikov often speaks to himself and, in this way, Dostoevsky gives us access to his unmediated reflections.For instance, he muses on h is motivation for committing the murder, wavering between the feeling of guilty and the excuse he finds for his behavior I am putting my little brick into the happiness of all and so my heart is at peace. horselaugh Why have you let me slip? I only live once, I too want. Ech, I am an ? sthetic louse and nothing more, he added suddenly, laughing like a (Dostoevsky 389). Raskolnikov is indeed a criminal and an aesthete at the same time. While his crime is horrendous, his purpose gives it meaning to a real extent.As Julian Connolly remarks, the way in which Dostoevsky decided to use the point of view in the novel is very significant Dostoyevsky had originally intended to pen an account of murder from the perspective of the murderer himself. As he worked on the project in November 1865, however, he concluded that such a perspective might be too limited, so he chose an omniscient, third-person narrative mode instead. Yet traces of the original design remain much of the novel offers di rect insight into Raskolnikovs impressions and experiences. (Connolly 144). Thus, the authors decision to mingle omniscience and first person narrative shows that he was preoccupied to investigate the moral dimension of his characters as well as the psychological one. His technique ultimately merges psychology with philosophy. In Parals case, the frequent shifts of viewpoint, allow for a curious exploration of the stories from the inside and outside simultaneously. Moreover, Parals story is told fragmentarily, with an alternation of voices and points of view.The narrative shifts from the author to an interior monologue of one of the characters without warning, in the course of the same phrase. This provides readers with marks as to actual events and also to the thoughts of the characters at the same time. The novel features a great number of different narrative voices, as each of the characters introduced is also given a monologue. This technique enhances the novels mosaic organize and its grotesqueness. The characters interior monologues moreover show them to be egoistical and impulsive.Most of their speeches are delirious and self-centered. The tones of the two works also differ and influence the readers perception of the stories. Dostoevskys tone is serious and restrained, focusing on the events, the psychology of the main character and the numerous implications of the experiences described. Paral, on the other hand, uses irony, black humor and pathos is order to describe the events in his book. Lovers and Murderers is therefore written as a black comedy, transmitting the author purpose of satirizing humanity in its pettiness and abjection.The two novels deal with the common themes of murder and punishment, but do so in very different ways. Crime and Punishment investigates ethical, religious and psychological consequences of a crime, with an idiom of humans liability to sin and moral ambiguity in the context of a society. Lovers and Murderers, on the oth er hand, emphasizes the human world as a grotesque spectacle, driven by the uncontrolled instincts and petty interests of men. Dostoevskys work analyzes and questions, while Parals observes and mocks. Works CitedAlfred L. Bem, Guilt in Crime and Punishment. Readings on Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Ed. Tamara Johnson. Trans. Robert Louis Jackson. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1998. 58 64. Connolly, Julian. An Overview of Crime and Punishment. Exploring Novels. Gale, 1998. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. New York Vintage Classics, 2008. Paral, Vladimir. Lovers and Murderers. Trans. Craig Stephen Stevens. New York Catbird Press, 2002. Shaw, J. Thomas. Raskolnikovs Dreams. Slavic and East European Journal 17, no. 2 (1973) 131-45.

Vivid Atmosphere

Vivid Atmosphere Tennis Slowly, I kneel blue to tie my shoe for the fourth time this match. The sweat creeps down my face as if mocking me in saying that I should have taken the cardio sessions more seriously. At this point I was doing everything I could just to cargo area my body from collapsing to the ground. The feel of the sun beating down makes me wonder if it is purposely driving all of its energy to sap mine. Glancing up across the court I see my water bottle filled with mountain dew.At that very moment the sugary, citrusy scent flows through my nose increasing my thirst even more. I could guard less if everyone knows that my shoe really wasnt untied, and they did. This was too much, the constant sprinting back and forth while trying to place the ball in that perfect spot. why would anyone participate in something like this willingly? Somehow I always pick the best hobbies. Its been about a minute now and my plenty tightens around the sticky tape of my racket as I use ever y ounce of energy I have left to stand to my feet.Standing at that place my weight now shifts back and forth between my tired and blistered feet. She serves. My fast reflexes allow me to throw my racket to where the ball is going and my jaw tenses as I brace myself for impact. The vibrations tingle up my arm as I strategically swing through the ball at the perfect speed and angle. Well, almost perfect. The discomposure of another return into the net. A smirk on my opponents face shows her attempt at hiding the satisfaction she has in winning. again.

Louis Armstrong Became One of the Most Influential & Musicians

When you think of Louis Armstrong you probably think of a jolly middle-aged man who nonify play the motor horn like no one else, a man who had it all, a man who had the good life. Well, Louis was non always that lucky. From childhood to his adulthood, Louis Armstrong changed much as a person and a medicinal drugian. He worked very hard to become what he became and did not permit anything get in the way of becoming a musician. In this paper, you will read ab turn pop how Louis Armstrong became one of the most influential Louis Armstrongs childhood was not of the normal childhoods most of us have had.He had a very hard and painful childhood. He was treated very harshly by his family and the concourse somewhat him. His mother did not charge contend enough to keep his birth certificate. That is why no one is really sure of Louiss birthdate ,solely hoi polloi believe he was born around 1898, in in the altogether Orleans. Around Louiss period of birth, galore(postnominal) bl acks were confined to live in the slums. The slums were in a way like ghettos. They were very poor, dirty areas where people who hadnt much money would live. In the slums, there was much violence, drug circulation and prostitution.The only people that do any money in the slums were either the hustlers or the musicians. Considering Louis was not related to anyone of that status he and his family had very little money. That left Louis with no possessions whatsoever. He hadnt any toys to play with, he didnt even have a uncomplicated stick effective to keep him occupied. His clothes were at the lowest of the low class. He was confined to wearing a garment as a younger child until he was a little older, then he had hand me shore shirts and buncos to wear. His choice of foods was limited to strain and beans. His family did not make enough money to get better food than that.His family did not have enough of anything to keep him happy. He felt like goose egg loved him. When he was b orn his father left his mother and him to start another life with another family. His mother always was out leaving Louis to make do for himself. exclusively before Louis had lived with his mother he lived with his grandmother. His grandma took the best disquiet of him out of anybody in his family. She always made sure that Louis was fed and that he was not alone. She was the only person that really loved him. She would always take him to church on Sundays which gave Louis his first singing experience.Louis loved his grandmother unless, after seven historic period of living with her he moved 18 blocks away to live with his mother When he went to her house he found out that he had a naked as a jaybird sister named Beatrice. She was nicknamed milliampere Lucy. His mother would always be working long hours and drink in bars all night. That left Louis to take care of Mama Lucy and himself. Louis was luck enough to get work from a young white boy who helped him sell papers for pen nies. He in like manner sang in a street choir with some of his friends. As he got into his teen years he took up crapshooting.All of these odd jobs brought in enough money to tend Mama Lucy and himself. When working was not acquire him anywhere he could always find a careless r drunk person stumbling in the streets who would pickpocket his/her money. Also, when nothing was working at all he would occasionally steal some food from the local grocery stores. But still being honorable a boy he was not satisfied with the title of being the bearer of food for his family. He treasured to be and do so many things. He idolized hustlers and their easy lives. With a life like one of theirs, Louis could do more things with his life and still support his family.Also, Louis was starting to comment music. He always would admire the marching grade insignias that would come booming down the streets and the blues that would ome blasting out of all the bars and honky tonks. Louis just wanted to be something more than he was. He was more into being a musician than being a hustler. Thats what he really wanted. So, on New geezerhood Eve there was a big celebration. One kid picked up a gun with blanks and shot it at Louis. Louis then did the same to the kid only if was caught in the act. Louis was put on a small trial in which the judge decided something that would start Louis off on his music career.Louis was sent to the blue Waifs Home for poor black boys which he spent most of his childhood. The seat was run under military draw and quarters. A spielr would use his bugle to wake up the boys, tell them when it was season to eat, and send them to bed. Also, the boys would do intensive drills with fake guns. There were many chores that each boy had to do as hearty to learn responsibility. At first the home was very new to him. He was homesick for quite some time. after a period though, people started to taste Louiss company and that made him feel more welcome.Once Louis got settled in, he noticed something that changed his life drastically. He found out that there was a band at the home. It was sort of a school band. They played some old tunes that had some blues influence to them. Louis liked this band a lot. He liked it so much that he would sit down at every band send in hope that the band teacher ,Mr. Davis, would notice him and ask his to join the band. Finally a man that worked at the home named Captain Jones (he was called that because of the military ranking influence) got Louis involved with music.A woman named Mrs. Spriggins would come to the home now and then to conduct a boys choir. Jones put Louis in the choir. He did so well that at the next practice as Louis sat and watched that band, Mr. Davis walked ver and asked Louis to join the choir. Of course he said yes and was from then on a musician no matter how bad he was. Davis started Louis on the tambourine. Louiss joy turned a little sour when he was presented with the instrum ent but, he knew that it was a custom among the New Orleans African Americans to start out with rhythm instruments such as the tambourine or the drums.It gets the musicians a feel for the beat they are to be playing so when they graduate to a more heterogeneous instrument they will be able to keep an accurate beat throughout the whole song. So Louis swallowed his disappointment and layed his tambourine as best as possible. It was simple for Louis. he had been growing up listening to ragtime marches so keeping beat was natural to him. Not long after he started the tambourine Davis realize that Louis was ready to move a level up to the base drum. Louis played that with ease. He played it so well that not long after that he was moved up to mellophone or what we would today call an alto horn.This was an important switch for Louis. The alto horn is very much like the cornet he played later in his life. Now Louis was in a spot. Like most of the boys in the band he could not read music. This is where singing in the street choir comes in to play. Louis was able to work out the notes by just hearing them. Once he found the notes on the horn, it was easy to play. He was so good that he was moved up to the bugler. The bugle was much different. It helped him form notes by forming his lips around the mouthpiece a special way and exploitation his tongue as well then by blowing into the bugle would create different notes.Soon Louis was moved to the cornet and became the head of the band. Louis was admired by the sculptural relief of the band not just for the music he played but for his humor as well. In the book the author writes that Davis I re constituent Louis use to walk funny with his feet and at the first note of music hed break into comedy dances. He could sing real well as a boy, too, even though his voice was coarse. Id play the horn and hed dance, and when Id put my horn down hed pick it up and start playing it. (Collier, Page 32) One day as the band was march ing in the streets ,with Louis leading, they headed down Louiss old street.As Louis was playing some of the best music he had ever played at that time in his life all the people that knew him would point out their Little Louis. Louis felt o amazingly good. he was a musician, that was all he ever wanted to be. Louis was now around 16 years old. he had been living at the home for quite a few years. Sometimes his mother ,Mayann, would visit him. But one day Louis got a surpassing visit from someone he has not heard from since he was born. His own father, Willie Armstrong. Louis was curious why his father had come to see him. Willie wanted him out of the home.But why? Louis was pondering that thought for some time and came to the conclusion that Willie wanted him to babysit his 2 sons because Willie and his wife had to work to provide for their family. Louis did it anyway as in brief as his father convinced the judge to set him free. Louis did a lot of work caring for the kids. He di d it until last-placely, Willies wife was again pregnant. That left Willie no choice but to send Louis back to his mother. Mayann and Mama Lucy were glad to see him all grown up. Once Louis was back, it was back to the same old thing. But this time Louis had a new plan.He was going to become the musician he always wanted to be. Louis tried to become a big musician in the area of New Orleans he lived in. He wanted to be a person that people would always mention when they call on the carpeted approximately music. To do that he tried to befriend some bigger musicians that could help him get gigs. So Louis would go to some of the honk tonks and listen to some music and get himself a 5 cent beer. He hung around there so much that he ended up meeting a drummer/hustler named benni Williams. benni would be conversing with another musician and Louis would stand there and wait to be noticed.When benni finally did so they talked for a while. Finally Benny noticed this short teenager was hanging around him quite a lot. He liked this kid. So Benny Williams adopted Louis as one of his very good friends. Benny as a tough guy who no one messed with and when people found out he was watching out for Louis, nobody messed around with him. Louis was on easy street. Benny helped Louis become a better musician by letting Louis sit for Benny and play with the other musicians though he was not yet good enough. As Louis would sit in and play with the musicians he would get increasingly better.He was getting good enough to play in the honky tonks, and so he did. A while after Louiss becoming a real musician, Benny was shot by his girlfriend. Louis would brag how Benny still lived a week with that old bullet n his heart, but that just is not possible. Louis was very sad but he got over it shortly. After the incident with Benny, Louis started being noticed musical comedyly. But Louis knew that he needed his own cornet by now. He could become even better if he could practice by hims elf more often. Louis has been borrowing other musicians instruments to play but he cant take them home with him.So one day Louis met up with that white boy that had helped him sell papers as a child. This boy said that he would sell him a cornet for ten dollars. Louis bought the beat up old thing but made it play beautifully. After Louis ad acquired his own instrument, he was used as a substitute for other cornet players. But when Louis substituted for these musicians he really showed them up. He played so well that the manager finally told him that he was good enough to be a tied(p) player which meant he could be a star attraction. The manager of the club arranged him to play in a band with a drummer named Garbee, and a piano player named Boogus.While Louis was playing in the band he started to get attached to another big musician. he was very well known throughout New Orleans. His name is Joe King Oliver. Oliver was the best cornetist in New Orleans. Louis got to know Oliver a nd his wife. Oliver would help Louis with cornet and Louis would often sit in for Oliver. Sometimes Olivers wife would invite Louis over to eat dinner with them. Finally Oliver got Louis on the right track. He recommended Louis to Kid Ory the best trombonist in New Orleans. Kid let Louis into his band. Louis did very well and Kid liked him a lot.Louis was proud to be in the best Jazz band in New Orleans. The band more often than not played dances. As Louis played in a band he also worked on a coal cart to earn more money. By doing those jobs he was earning a higher income and could afford more food. So with the steady income and the great band Louis was pretty satisfied with himself. But one day the band had to break up. Kids doctor told him to move to dryer climates because of coughing spells. So Kid moved to Los Angeles, California. Louis just played parades and had some non-serious bands with his musician friends while Ory was gone.One dat Ory wrote to Louis asking him to move t o L. A. with him. Considering Louis was scared of moving away from an area he already knows he said no. Louis then made himself even a better musician. Louis was asked by a man named Fate Marable to join a band on the Streckfus Line riverboat. Streckfus people were very unforgiving with how they wanted the music to be played. The wanted perfect timing and a very clear sound. Louis was very worried because he could not read music. Luckily, two musicians named Joe Howard and David Jones helped Louis with his music reading abilities.Considering Louis did not play all year round, Marable asked him to and he said yes because he was now ready. When Louis played many enjoyed listening to him. One time a man named Fletcher Henderson asked him to tour with him. Louis would only say yes if they would take along his friend Arthur Singleton ,Zutty, a good drummer. They said that they could so Louis said the same and they went their dismantle ways for the time being. Finally Louis heard from Oliver. He was in Chicago and wanted Louis to come down a play in his band. Louis was ready to do so.He knew Oliver and felt comfortable around him so he did not feel alone. When Louis moved to Chicago, Oliver introduced him to a woman pianist named Lilian Hardin. At first she did not like Louis. She felt that he was a hick in a way because of his ratty old clothes and how he did not speak as proper as she did. But after a while she got to like Louis. They started dating a lot. Then on February 5, 1924 they were wed. Lil loved Louis very much and wanted only the best for him. She though ,and so did many other musicians, that Louis was too good for the band and should start his own.Louis did not want to do that because after all, Oliver had through so much for him. But it happened anyway. The band started to fall apart because not only of Olivers bossiness but also he was holding each of the members pay secretly so they all turned on him and just quit. After that was over Louis joine d and band with band leader Ollie Powers. That and was moving slowly but the pace for Louis was just about to pick up. Fletcher Henderson ,who asked him to tour with him when he was playing on the riverboats, wrote him to come to New York. He wanted him to be in his Jazz orchestra. Louis said yes.While Louis was there he amazed them with his talents. He was and influence to many of them. One man would dress like him, talk like him and follow him around everywhere. He was now being considered the new king of Jazz. Louis was now asking Henderson if he could sing as well. Henderson was hesitant about it and would let him sing but not while hey record records. Louis then got a letter from Lil and she wanted him to come back to Chicago because she had arranged a band for him to lead. Louis thought it over and in October of 1925, Louis moved back to Chicago. His new band was great.Louis recorded with his band ,The Hot Fives, at OKeh records. Those were some of the most important records h e ever made. Louis would also sing and entertain at the Sunset Theater on the side. And later ,after some changes in the line up, the final group of Hot Fives were without many of the originals such as Lil on the piano. You could now tell that their arriage was now in trouble because of that. By 1928 they divorced and Louis got Earl Hines to replace her on the piano. The occupation with Jazz then was that it was closing down in Chicago so Louis moved to Manhattan in 1929.Now Louis was the best. Louis was now famous. He was the best cornetist in the world. He received an engraved watch that said so. But being famous was not all rewards. His introduction to the world of commercial music was very tough. There followed six years of desperate over work, nagging personal problems, appalling management and conflicts with Chicago nd New York gangs. Also, Louis was arrested and suspended for roll of tobacco pot, then he went right back to doing it. Another problem was still with Lil and the final relationship, but it all turned out that Lil and Louis stayed good friends.He also had a problem with dated all the way back to the Waifs Home. He has been using the wrong part of his lip to play cornet. It has been getting callused and that limited his playing abilities. It even got worse when in 1931, Louis made a mistake in hiring a failed mobster with a drinking problem ,named insurgent collins, as management. Collins saw Louis as a meal ticket. Collins cheated Louis out of a lot of money and as a result of Collins gangland connections, Louiss lucrative secrets became the subject of gang rivalry.But besides the gangs and personal problems, Louis was still stressful to entertain the crowd. So Louis entered the movie business around the 1930s. He was seen dressed in a leopards skin in Rhapsody in Blue and was a band conductor in a later film known as Hello Dolly. Also, in a Betty Boop cartoon, Louis is seen conversing with Betty and then serenading her. He career in t he m ovie business was rapidly growing. Louis was starting to enter the final phases of his career. First of all, he was remarried to a girl named Alpha Smith.Alpha was very worried of what happened to Louis and Lil would happen to her, but it seemed to have not. But that was not the biggest issue going on in Louiss life. The biggest started off in a 1946 movie called New Orleans. The movie had quite a line up of wonderful Jazz musicians. There was Kid Ory on trombone, Barney Bigard on clarinet, Zutty Singleton on drums, and the young Red Callendar on bass. This movie branched off a new band led by Louis called The All Stars. The All Stars were some of the guys from the movie and some old Hot Fives colleagues such as Earl Hines on Piano.traditional Jazz was back in business for quite some time. This band was the most well known band of all that Louis was in. They had a succession of hits, but the most well known would have to be Blueberry Hill. Now Louis was finally up to the peak of hi s career. In 1952 he was voted the most important musical figure of all time in Downbeat Magazine. Louis was also starting to speak his mind. Louiss fame made him more confident to speak out against one of his biggest problems. Louis was stand up against racism. Louis was protesting on Eisenhowers policy on race as gutless.This angered many blacks who thought Louis should have stood up much earlier. Now Louis was trying to stay on top. Armstrongs corncerts started to settle into a steady, routine of love songs and old favorites. Louiss final phase of his career was getting nearer as the days passed. His health problems were getting worse as he ignored them which foreshadowed his final days on earth. He tried to ignore his heart problem for ten years. He was forced to acknowledge his precariousness f health when he had woke up one morning to discover that he had swollen up so much that he could not get his shoes on.Soon after that Louis was ordered to stay at the Beth Israel Hospita l under doctors orders. After his final concert he returned there for the last time. He was planning another concert when he died July 6, 1971. Louiss death was deeply saddening for everyone, but especially Lil. She conducted the band at his funeral in his memory. A memorial service followed which President Nixon attended and spoke at. That was the sad ending of Louis Armstrong. To conclude my paper I would like to highlight Louiss life. He was just a poor child from New Orleans.He had very little education. He had to take care of his sister and himself 90% of the day until he was and adult. He had to work twice as hard as most people have to worked to get where he got to. He was just a simple man who from the beginning just wanted to play music. But he got so much more than just that and was able to fulfil his life to the fullest. Louis Armstrong will always be remembered as a wonderful man with a passion for playing the cornet beautifully. At least we have his music, movies and te levision appearances which keep him a live to this very day.

Factors of a reaction lab Essay

HypothesisAccording to the collision theory, the score of a reaction depends on the frequence of collisions between reacting particles. The more frequent the collisions, the instant(prenominal) the rate of the reaction. However, in order for the collisions to be effective, the particles must collide with sufficient energy (activation energy). Furthermore, the particles must collide with the befitting orientation. The aim of this lab is to increase how often collisions occur. Theoretically, we should be able to achieve this by increasing the HCl tautness. However, we will instead decrease the HCl concentration just because its easier by diluting it with peeing. We thus predict that by decreasing the HCl concentration, it should take longer for the reaction to produce the predetermined amounts of hydrogen bollix that we are observing.VariablesIndependent- the concentration of HClDependent- the rate of the reactionControlled- Size of shield resistanceSyringe typeTimerMass of Zn Volume of HClSize of the stopperControlling Variablessize of tally tobacco pipe- we used the resembling test tube for most of the trialssyringe type- we used the same syringe for all the trials ager- we used the same timer for all the trials flock of zn- we kept the mass of zn constant 1.00gsize of the stopper- we used the same stopperProcedure1. Grab a test tube rack, a test tube, a stopper that fits snuggly into the test tube and a syringe.2. Place the test tube into the test tube rack and attach the syringe to the test tube.3. utilise an electric balance, obtain a sample of powdered Zn that weighs 1.00 g exactly.4. burgeon forth the 1.00g sample of powdered Zn into the test tube.5. Grab two beakers. execute one with HCl and the other with non-distilled water. BE SURE TO LABEL THE BEAKERS APPROPRIATELY6. Using a 10ml graduated cylinder and pipette, measure out 10 ml of HCl.7. Pour the HCl into the test tube, quickly cork the test tube with the stopper, and pull slightly on t he syringes end to make sure the hydrogen gas will flow through.8. Record the how long it takes for the marker on the syringe to reach, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm3.9. Repeat with HCl concentrations of 0.8 mol dm-3 and 06 mol dm-3.10. Repeat steps 3-9 a countenance time in order to obtain a second trial.Data Collection and ProcessingRaw Data TableHydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol dm-3Time taken for corresponding volume of hydrogen gas to be produced/sVolume of hydrogen gas produced/cm3Observations Zn clumps together at bottom of test tube Bubbles are produced No longer powder Nothing happens for a while and then all of a sudden theres like this outwards burst of energy which results in small intervals btw the given volumes producedData ProcessingOverviewI will first determine the average time it took for the different HCl concentration to react and produce the given volumes of hydrogen gas. Next I will calculate the standard deviation for each set of trials to determine the accuracy of the av erage. Finally, I will graph the average times using a scatter.Sample CalculationAverage of different trials for time taken for 1cm3 of hydrogen gas to be produced with 1.0 mol dm-3 of HCl(118 + 123)/2 = 120.5sHydrochloric acid, 1 mol dm-3Volume of hydrogen gas produced/cm3Average time taken for corresponding volume of hydrogen gas to be produced/s1120.52152.03190.54227.05274.0Hydrochloric acid, 0.8 mol dm-3Volume of hydrogen gas produced/cm3Average time taken for corresponding volume of hydrogen gas to be produced/s1137.02226.03330.04439.55552.5Hydrochloric acid, 0.6 mol dm-3Volume of hydrogen gas produced/cm3Average time taken for corresponding volume of hydrogen gas to be produced/s1202.02209.03242.04309.55382.5 measuring rod deviations of the averages were determined by using the following formula in a Microsoft Excel programStandard Deviation for different HCl acid concentrationsHCl acid concentration/mol dm-3Standard DeviationAverage time vs. Volume of hydrogen gas producedCon clusion and EvaluationConclusion Hydrochloric acid, 1 mol dm-3 concentration, the highest concentration used in this prove produced the given volumes of hydrogen gas the fastest out of all three HCl concentrations. Hydrochloric acid of 0.8 mol dm-3 concentration did produce 1 cm3 of hydrogen gas faster than hydrochloric acid of 0.6 mol dm-3 as predicted. Hydrochloric acid of 0.6 mol dm-3 concentration produced hydrogen gas faster than hydrogen gas of 0.8 mol dm-3.LimitationsSuggestions for ImprovementSome of the Zn powder got stuck to the side of the test tube as we poured it into the test tube.Maybe use a straw or something like that to make sure the Zn gets to the bottom of the test tube. And like blow into the straw (softly) to ensure that none of the Zn gets stuck to the inside of the straw.We didnt use the same syringe for all the trials because we were onerous to get all the trials in on the same day.Use the same syringe for all trials.We didnt get all the trials in on the s ame day. I think it took us three classes. As a result, each day we were working in different room temperatures.Organize ourselves better so that we get all the trials in on the same day.We couldnt dry the test tube correctly. Each time we dried it there was still water at the bottom of the tube.Maybe like attach a paper towel to a stirrer and swap it around inside the test tube to dry it out.Zn is impure. As a result, the HCl acid could be reacting as well with whatever impurities present are thus slowing down the reaction, perhaps.

Independent Trust: Assurance in Modern Development Essay

In these frugalally unst adequate times with deep collapses and shifts within the global condescension community, it is essential for a company to provide stable, reliable service to its clients in bilateral partnerships of trust. The nature of an independent trust company is one of total solidarity with its individual clients, resisting the temptation of park prevalent lapses of ethics within the business community.With firm and friendly partnerships in place, our company moves into the continually ontogeny economic environment with assurance in the event that new clients, situations, and communities can be well served by our team of professional experts who continually forbear watch on the life generating business developments across the globe.The reliance and positive turn uplook of our round lends well to the retaining and expanding of our client base, and in a pact of mutually beneficial investments and market gauges, our company consistently hits the mark in providing the highest level of intelligent excellence to each individual with whom we come into contact, our staff members and all the clients we serve. The environment where our company is based, with locations in Jersey and Geneva, lends to a beautifully positioned localization within Europe.The liberated nature of the core societies in which we work shores up the ability of our company to make wise and independent decisions while are unequivocally tailored to the needs of our global clients. Individuals from the United Kingdom, Far East, Middle East, and Eastern Europe are well served by the strategic location of our offices, both in terms of the unique legal structures of Geneva and Jersey as well as the convenience of their global positioning and welcoming infrastructure.Our staff members are able to travel easily between our offices and to make trips across the world in gear up to best serve our clients. People are never out of sight, out of mind, rather our full devotion and energy i s invested in our staff members and clients, with meetings, trips, and travel being the means in which we are able to make informed decisions in the mutually beneficial agreements with clients and businesses.In looking to the structure of our company, it is important to note that we have a very high level of qualified staff members, employing six chartered accountants and numerous ICSA and STEP qualified soulnel. The top managers are very easily approachable and support the company workers with proactive and confident attitudes, aiming to keep the company driven in steady and positive directions.Benefits are arranged in a flat organizational structure, with all employees enjoying the extra perks of retirement and wellness investments, the choice to live and work in either of our two lovely office environments in Jersey or Geneva, having to the option to change jobs and immerse oneself in a new and exciting cultural environment, and to relax during business meeting and trips as we ll as personal leisure time, including dinner and drinks, and stimulating excursions to Sark, France, or the mountains of Switzerland.Everyone knows how important it is to enjoy the work environment, and encouraging the happiness of our employees and clients in essential to doing good business. While our staff and clients are nurtured by the care of our company, the level of expertise and the commitment to performance is what drives our constant impulse to provide the highest level of service to our business partners. A company always has to sustain performance in the cave in as well as keep an eye on the attainable goals for the future.With our recent purchase of another company which was heavily involved with charities in Africa, workings with AIDS, children, and animal sanctuaries, we have now opened up to our Southern market and are strategically placed to conduct careful business in this developing economy which is ripe with potential. Catering to the unique needs of our cli ents and partnerships always involves a sense of ethics and wanting to provide not only business services, merely also to provide a heartfelt level of care to the people we engage.More and more, it is understood that morality in the business and investment communities, in the modernistic day market, is vital to the health and sustainability of individual people, businesses, communities, and nations. Without a true and faithful grasp of the essential elements of conducting good business, a company with be sure to reluctance or collapse, a situation which has never been experienced by our company, even within these economically challenging times.With eyes on our current clients and partnerships, care being given to maintaining and developing relationships, and strategic plans being crafted for the implementation of our future in opening market possibilities, our company enjoys the satisfaction of knowing that we are catering to the actually needs of our worldwide friends and stepp ing in to provide the real needs to the market demands. In adding to the idea of morality in business, it is important to highlight what we avoid, in order to also provide a clear image of the business we do conduct.There is never a time when it is alright for us to ignore or set aside a potential working relationship. In connecting with our clients, we dont ever assume that we are in a particular fountain position or exude any sort of elitist arrogance. The over confidence and greed which is the demise of many businesses is consistently rejected by our staff team, and we never accepted outside commissions. The level of importance of each individual member of our company is horizontal.Although one person may have a more change task to perform at any given time, there is never a time when any person in our company believes that the other person is not absolutely and vitally essential to our well selected team. To us, each staff member, client, and business is a partner, each person and organization equally essential to the entanglement of relationships in which we weave and network. By placing trust and positive regard in our well selected partners, we pulse energy into the ties which bind us and generate life not only in social or emotional terms, but also in business and economic terms.It would be a great honor and fun for our company to receive the award of Independent Trust Company of the Year. By taking note of our strength and resilience through very difficult economic times, the powerful friendliness of our company team, the devotion with which we serve our global partners, and the high level of ethics with which we infuse our company, we hope that you will see the value in naming us for this prestigious gift.The hard work and determination of our solid and caring team members would be nothing more than expanded and rejuvenated by the allegiance of this award to our stable and well positioned independent trust company. In aiming high, resisting immo ral business temptations, catering to the true needs of our staff members and clients, making informed business decisions, working for the sustainability and development of our company, and nurturing our personal and professional relationships, we are sure that the quality and performance of our company is justifiably notable and well deserving of nothing slight than the highest honor and best regard.

Comparison of Protagonists in “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” and “Greenleaf” Essay

A comparison of protagonists in Flannery OConners A Good Man Is Hard To Find and GreenleafIn both(prenominal)(prenominal) his works of fiction, A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Greenleaf, Flannery OConner paints a rather grim picture. The protagonists in both the short stories share several(prenominal) common traits. In the story, A Good Man Is Hard To Find, the Grandmother, who remains unnamed throughout, is a vile woman, who is also selfish and a bed hypocrite. Yet, she observes to judge other people for what she perceives to be their shortcomings. She is a woman who has seen hardships, and just the fact that she got through them, makes her feel morally superior to others. She feels she is a lady which makes her conk out than the easement. She lacks the will and the ability to introspect and spends her time passing judgement on others.Her hypocrisy is highlighted in the fact that she spends most of her time passing judgement on others even though she claims her conscious to be her guiding force. A glaring example of her selfishness is when she is afraid for her avouch life, but claims that her conscience would non allow her to select her family in the same direction as that thr feature by the criminal referred to as the Misfit. She passes judgement on her daughter-in-law for not taking her children to a place that she in person thinks would be beneficial for them. To further add insult to injury, she compares her daughter-in-laws face to a cabbage.The Grandmother has an opinion on everything and feels that her style of doing things is the however way to do them. She chastises another character from the story, John Wesley, for what she thinks is inappropriate amount of respect for his home state. At any opportunity, she makes it her business to judge other people and remark at the lack of their good enoughness, without evidently having any of her own. She gives little attention to her own look, convinced that being a lady is the only virtue, and sh e, by dressing as superstar is the only lady and therefore is the only one who harbors any virtues at all.This lack of self awareness, and a tendency to dissociate herself from everything happening around her, to take a morally condescending stance, is a recurrent theme of her character. Though she is critical of everyone andeverything that other people do, she continues to turn a blind eye to her own failings and shortcomings, believing herself to be in a higher place any character or personality flaws. She continuously talks about her conscience, citing it when it can get her her own way, while exclusively ignoring it when it comes in the way of what she wants. She sneaks Pitty Sing into the car and continues to lie to the children. If she made a mistake, she chooses not to reveal her and blame others for it. Even at the end of the story, when the family encounters the Misfit, and he consistently murders everyone including the children that the Grandmother harps on initially, she never for once begs him to spare their lives. Instead, when the criminal finally turns his weapon towards her, she begs him and entreats him to spare her, citing the fact that she was a lady and therefore above the rest of the family that had been so mercilessly murdered in front of her.Despite her overactive conscience, which had just witnessed the murder of her family, she entreats the Misfit to join her human beings telling him that she believed him to be a good man. Despite the heartlessness that the Misfit had just displayed, the Grandmother is sure of her moral code and that it would mean or sothing to him. In fact, she even extends it to him, trying to make him see that he was a good man, albeit a misunders tood one. Unfortunately for her, though he does agree with her, he does not see this as a reason to let her go. throughout this traumatic event, the Grandmother continues to be the conceited person that she started out to be in the story. It is only in her final out comes, when she is just a blink apart from death, does she realize her folly and admits that she is flawed the like everyone else that she had criticized all her life. She finally sees the error of her ways and learns the truth about herself, only it is too late for her realization to be any good to her. As her last dying words, she admits to the Misfit that he was like one of her own children, finally showing the ability to feel compassion. Her last moment alive is also her moment of truth, one where she realizes who she is and understands others. This crucial moment of her life is immediately followed by her tragic death.In Greenleaf, the author directs a similar protagonist. The protagonist, an older lady in this one too, is Mrs. May the proprietor of a farm. She is a conceited woman who believes that her farm is profitable and sustainingonly because of her efforts, discarding the efforts put in by the rest of the family and the farm help. Her rise from penury to the mastery of her farm makes her oblivious to the fact that she had help. Instead, she sees this as an opportunity to put on airs and tell the world of her prowess in business. She brags about herself being penniless and inexperienced when she first came about the rundown farm, and takes great pride in the fact that the farm is straight successful. She not only forgets the contribution of the farm help, but blames them of being against her. She even goes on to the extent of blaming the elements of being against her. So engrossed is she in her own success that she forgets that it is only the elements of nature that allow the farm to be successful.She also forget the help of Mr. Greenleaf, who stood by her and toiled with her to make her farm successful and profitable. It was only after Mr. Greenleaf had answered her ad for help that she had been able to set up a dairy for herself. Though the story does not rally on the particular contributions of Mr. Greenleaf, it does suggest that the farm w as only established upon his arrival and therefore it can be inferred that he was instrumental in its success. She, with her half baked knowledge in farming, and her lack of experience, is surely not a good farm keeper or a farm manager. It is only the experience and the wisdom of Mr. Greenleaf that continues to make her farm successful and profitable. Her good issue has been because of the arrival of a farmhand who is not only knowledgable, but also hard working. This is something that she ignores through the course of the story. She places a lot of value on her own perceived virtues, in this case her efforts to pull the farm together. On the other hand, she complains about Mr. Greenleaf to everyone who would turn an ear to her. Most of her blessings are undeserved, but she fails to recognize it and is certainly not graceful in her rejection of Mr. Greenleafs contributions.As the story continues to build, Mrs. Mays resentment towards Mr. Greenleaf increases. She is ultimately bro ught down and killed by a diddly-shit, who she wants to control. While Mr. Greenleaf views the bull as an unstoppable force of nature, Mrs. May sees it as an intruder on her property and something that she should be able to control, because of her position and her perceived abilities. In refusing to succumb to the forces beyond hercontrol, she invites her own end. The bull finally attacks her and she is impaled by its horn.A similar character theme to that of the Grandmother, Mrs. May cannot see the grace present in those that she believes to be socially her inferiors. Like the Grandmother, it is Mrs. Mays blind pride, and her inability to turn her eye inwards, that leads to the conflict amongst herself and those around her in this case Mr. Greenleaf. She thought too extremely of herself, and was pretentiously self righteous. As in most of her works, OConner gives her protagonists the characteristics of self righteousness, blind pride, tactlessness and conceit. Both the Grandmot her and Mrs. May believe themselves to be ladies, and therefore above reproach. They both feel that if they feel, dress and behave the part, they can be ladies, who are in fact revered people of the society. They attach too much importance to their own selves and to their perceived social standing. Though they do not choose to act like ladies, they still believe themselves to be it. They both feel that if they continue to behave like respectable people of the society, they would be appropriate rewarded with good graces. Both of them have little patience or compassion.Another similarity between the cardinal characters is that though both of them continue to be conceited and hypocrites, they do understand their own follies during their dying moments. In the story Greenleaf Mrs. May is impaled by a bulls horn and as she is lying there, dying of her grievous injuries, she chooses to confess something to the bull. Her dying words are spoken in the bulls ears. What these words were, we will never know because the narrator does not choose to do so. One can only imagine that when she does face the moment of truth, Mrs. May, like the Grandmother, chooses to finally acknowledge the error of her ways.Another unfortunate similarity between the two protagonists is that none of them were able to admit their folly to the people they had wronged. While in A Good Man Is Hard To Find, the Grandmother realizes her mistake only after the remainder of her family has been murdered, Mrs. May dies alone without having the chance to apologize for her behavior and her errors totheir primary recepient, Mr. Greenleaf. In both the cases, self realization came too late, only when the women were moments away from death. The realization of their errors is quickly followed by their deaths in both the stories, giving them no opportunity to correct themselves or make amends to the people they had wronged by their actions.Though it is not apparent in OConners style of narration, it seems that the protagonists of both the stories were undeserving of the attention, affection and blessings that they received in their life. Why the two choose to be the way they are or act the way they do, remains a mystery. Both of them are elderly women, but their youth is not discussed in the story, so one can only assume that the two had seen tough times which hardened them emotionally. Their insistence on being morally superior by virtue of being ladies may have something to do with some experiences in their youth or their earlier life, of which there is no mention in either of the stories. At the end of each of the story, the principal characters, who remain smug and conceited throughout the narration, are shocked out of their self righteousness into humaneness. Unfortunately, the realization of their total inadequacy in the eyes of the supreme being, or God, comes too late in their dying moments.

Health Cruises Case

wellness Cruises Case Read the Health Cruises Case and submit answers to the following questions. 1. What is the minimum add of riders Health Cruises must mutual opposition up by November 20th to break notwithstanding? show your calculations Considering that an average ticket price is $1500 and the cost per passenger is $200, each interchange ticket generates $1,300 of the positive cash flow. Since $295,000 of the initial capital had been spent by November 14th, the following minimum number of passengers must sign up in localize for Health Cruises to break even provided no more(prenominal) money is investedMinimum passengers to break even = $295,000 / $1,300 = 227. 2. Should Health Cruises go ahead with the cruise since 200 commonwealth have signed up by November 14th? Why or why not? Health Cruises should go ahead with the cruise in any(prenominal) event. If the cruise is canceled, $295,000 of the already spent capital would become a total loss. Even if no more passengers sign up, the loss would be merely $35,000, i. e. (200 * $1,300) $295,000. 3. The denote agency has proposed two alternative campaigns to athletic supporter fill the boat. One will cost $6000 and the other would cost $15,000.Which would you suggest? again, show your calculations. If 20 additional passengers sign up and pay on average $1,500 as expected with the hold advertise campaign which cost $6,000, the elucidate earnings (loss) of the cruise will be as followed EBIT = (220 * $1,300) ($295,000 + $6,000) = -$15,000. (A loss of $15,000) If 40 additional passengers sign up and pay on average $1,500 as expected with the more ambitious publicizing campaign, the net earnings of the cruise will be as followed EBIT = (240 * $1300) ($295,000 + $15,000) = $15,500. (A profit of $15,500)To summarize, the ambitious advertising campaign is more beneficial for the Health Cruises bottom line than the limited advertising campaign. 4. Should Health Cruises consider cutting its prices for this trip? Why or why not? What other factors could impact the go/no-go decision in addition to the break even? Since even with the ambitious advertising complain there is a distinct possibility that the cruise will be perfectly of its full capacity by 60 passengers, the cutting cruise prices may provide an increase in the profit beyond expected $15,500 (with the ambitious advertising campaign) due to more ticket sold.Assuming that it is possible to sign up additional deoxycytidine monophosphate passengers if the ambitious advertising campaign also offers reduced ticket prices, we can calculate that the minimum average ticket price that that passengers should pay and still provide for the $15,500 profit MinTicketPrice = ($35,000 + $15,000 + $15,500) / 100 + $200 = $855, where $35,000 is loss as November 14th, $15,000 is the advertising campaign cost, $15,500 is the minimum profit, and $200 is cost per passenger. Ide onlyy the cruise profit could be maximized by ad provideding th e ticket price in response to demand and supply.However, even if additional tickets atomic number 18 offered discloseright at an average price of $1,200 (a 20% discount) in order to generate enough demand to sell the remaining 100 tickets the cruise earnings can be calculated as follow EBIT = (200 * $1300) + (100 * $1000) ($295,000 + $15,000) = $50,000. Note that $200 cost for passenger is deducted from ticket prices in the above calculation. The only risk with such a price reduction is that the reduced price would not be able to generate enough demand to sell all remaining 100 tickets.However, the cruise still would break even if 50 tickets are sold at an average price of $1,200 and the cruise profit would outperform the target $15,500 if more than 65 tickets are sold at this reduced price. A 20% price reduction is just an example to drive the point. The Health Cruises management may have around marketing data to help to come with a more appropriate number. It does not appear that there are any factors (even the break even should not be a factor with 200 tickets sold and $295,000 spent) other than a bad business practice that could impact the go/no-go decision.Health Cruises, Inc. Health Cruises, Inc. packages cruises to Caribbean islands such as Martinique and the Bahamas. Like conventional cruises, the packages are designed to be fun. But the cruise is structured to help participants become healthier by breaking old habits, such as smoking and overeating. The Miami-based firm was conceived by Susan Isom, 30, a self-styled innovator and entrepreneur. Prior to this venture, she had spent several years in North Carolina promoting a behavior-modification clinic.Isom determined that some people were very concerned about developing good health habits, thus far they seemed unable to break away from their old habits because of the pressures of day-to-day living. She reasoned that they might have a chance for much greater success in a pleasant and socially su pportive environment, where good health habits were fostered. Accordingly, she established Health Cruises, Inc. , hired 10 consulting psychologists and health specialists to develop a program, and chartered a transmit. DeForrest Young, a Miami management consultant, became the chairperson of Health Cruises.Seven of Isoms business associates contributed an initial capital outlay totaling more than $250,000. Of this amount, $65,000 went for the initial advertising budget, $10,000 for other administrative expenses, and $220,000 for the ship rental and crew. Mary Porter, an overweight Denver schoolteacher, has signed up to sail on a two-week cruise to Nassau, departing December 19. She and her shipmates will pay an average of $1,500 for the voyage. The most(prenominal) desirable staterooms cost $2,200. Mary learned of the cruise by reading the travel section of her Sunday newspaper on October 16.On that date, the Pittsford and LaRue Advertising chest placed promotional notices for th e cruise in several major metropolitan newspapers. Mary was fascinated by the idea of combining therapy sessions with swimming, movies, and an elegant atmosphere. Pittsford and LaRue account executive director Carolyn Sukhan originally estimated that 300 people would sign up for the cruise after reading the October 16 ads, but as of November 14 only 200 had through so. Isom and Health Cruises, Inc. faced an important decision. Heres the situation as I see, explained a disturbed Ms.Isom at the Health Cruises board meeting. Weve already nonrecreational out more than a quarter of a million to get this cruise rolling. Its going to cost us roughly $200 per passenger for the two weeks, mostly for food. Pittsford and LaRue predicted that 300 people would respond to the advertising campaign, but weve only got 200. I see three basic options (1) we cancel the cruise and gravel our losses (2) we run the cruise with the 200 and a few more that will trickle in over the next month, or (3) we s hell some more money and consent that we will pull in more people.My recommendation to the board is that we try to recruit more passengers. There are plainly too many empty rooms on that ship. Each one costs us a bundle. At this point, Carolyn Sukhan addressed the board Ive worked out two possible advertising campaigns for the November 20 papers. The first, the limited campaign, will cost $6,000. I estimate that it will bring in some 20 passengers. The more ambitious campaign, which I personally recommend, would cost $15,000. I believe this campaign will bring in a minimum of 40 passengers.I nominate our first attempt was somewhat disappointing, but were dealing here with a new concept, and a follow-up ad might work with many newspaper readers who were curious and interested when they read our first notice. One thing is absolutely certain, Sukhan emphasized. We must act immediately if theres any hope of getting more people on board. The deadline for the Sunday papers is in less than 48 hours. If our ads dont appear by this weekend, you can impede it. No one signs up in early December for a December 18 sailing date. Isom interrupted, shaking her head. I just dont know what to say. Ive looked over Carolyns proposals and theyre excellent, absolutely first-rate. But our one problem, to be blunt, is money. Our funds are tight and our investors are already nervous. I get more calls each day, asking me where the 300 passengers are. It wont be easy to squeeze another $6,000 out of these people. And to ask them for $15,000 well, I just dont know how were going to be able to justify it.

The Treaty of Versailles Essay

Treaty of Versailles Essay During World War One, there was massive devastation do to the Allies and the Central Powers and will be remembered for many years to come. The peace agreement that ended the warfare was called the Treaty of Versailles and its consequences would have far reaching impact. The Great War was fought using trench warfare and a stalemate was created. On the Western front France was fighting Germany, there were many casualties, 15 million soldiers were hard injured, 7 million were permanently disabled and 8 million were killed.There was major destruction to land, property and empires were finished The German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian. It was a total war it took all resources from countries and groundd food shortages. By the end of the war, famine had killed millions of sight and diseases flourished in the wartime conditions. In 1917 the Americans came into the war and the Russians left. Finally the stalemate is broken and Germany made an extreme ly harsh treaty with Russia. The victorious countries were furious, they rapd Germany for start the war and causing so much devastation to their countries.They wanted Germany to pay, so the Allies created a treaty which held Germany responsible for WW1. The second cause of the Treaty was the Big tierce ground the stage for the treaty with their aims and attitudes. Woodrow Wilson (President of the U. S) wanted to end war by making a fair peace. He wanted disarmament and a League of Nations set up, where countries could settle their problems without war. David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Britain), wanted practicedice, not revenge. He said the treaty must not be harsh because that in re magic spell would just cause another war in a few years time.By far the harshest of all the Big Three was George Clemenceau the Prime Minister of France. Most of the war had been fought in France, so he wanted revenge and to penalise the Germans for the massive destruction they had done to Fran ce. He also wanted Germany broken up ( washed-outened), so that France couldnt be invaded again. Basically Clemenceaus aim was to completely shatter Germany. The terms of the treaty include blame for the war (cause 231, war guilt), high reparations, army restrictions and loss of territory.In addition to the huge loss Germany had already suffered, the batter of it all had to be the extreme amount of reparations. A figure was set in 1921 of ? 6,600. 000 million. Germany was seriously disadvantaged, because reparations economically crippled them. The first of the payments were made in 1922 (only just), and in 1923 Germany falls behind on payments. France gets angry and invades the Ruhr, in the Ruhr the German workers go on strike and to pay them the government prints to a greater extent money, which creates hyperinflation. This meant it was cheaper to burn money than firewood.The scrimping was hugely suffering and as a whole so the country. The Germans were angry for having to take blame for jump the war. Another consequence of the treaty was the League of Nations, which was apart of Woodrow Wilsons 14 points. The league was very weak because the three big powers were not involved and they needed the big, powerful nations to strengthen the league. This was so they could have more authority, because hardly anybody listened to the League. It was pointless because there werent very strict penalties and if countries didnt agree with the League they would just drop out.However the League did have a few successes, such as when they freed 200,000 slaves in Africa and Burma after they attacked slave traders. The League also worked to prevent malaria and leprosy as well as taking home half a million World War One prisoners of war. In addition to those successes the league also set up camps and fed Turkish refugees and sent economic experts to help Austria and Hungary. Although the League was relatively weak, they had a number of successes, precisely even the success es didnt seem to overcome the failures of the League.Eventually when war broke out in 1939 the League close down and ultimately failed to prevent war from happening. In conclusion World War One was the major cause of the Treaty of Versailles, along with the aims and attitudes of the Big Three, which caused an awfully harsh treaty to be created. This in turn economically crippled Germany, because of the huge reparations and also left the Germans feeling angry for having to take the blame for starting the war. The final consequence of the treaty mentioned in this essay was the formation of the League of Nations, which in time disagreeable down because of more failure that success to prevent war.

Tata Ace- Case Study

MARKETING STRATEGIES assignment TATA ACE CASE STUDY 1) Why do we feel Tata Motors was targeting LCV (Light Commercial vehicle) segment under technical segment for TATA ACE? Better highway systems like the Golden Quadrilateral meant that Commercial vehicles in 45+ Tonnes could carry bulk loads covering large distances in shorter time and at lower per t per km cost. Government also went ab unwrap the task of improving highway network between average sized cities and also building all weather tertiary road network covering country-bred towns- only smaller and rugged vehicles could operate on these roads ( Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadhak Yojana).Increased congestion & pollution in most of the cities forced the government to regulate the movement of Large/ Heavy trucks (larger than four tonnes) in the cities. Tata motors considered the above direct factors in determining the need for large commercial vehicles for the highways and smaller sub 4 Ton folk commercial vehicle for ope rating on both Inter city/ Town and Intra city road network.Ruling out the possibility of developing large commercial vehicles due to the high cost of development and fearing bolshie of revenues from their niche standard size truck segment, Tata motors resolved to develop TATA ACE targeting the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment. Also helping their decision process were some linchpin policy initiatives Discouraging the use of Old. Polluting & inefficient vehicles Scrapping of 15 years old vehicles Ban on overloading of vehicle. ) Highlight the Key outcome of Market Research which was conducted onward launching TATA ACE and do we think there was a gap which can be turn to by a Product like TATA ACE? Market research involving interviewing of over 4000 truck and leash bicyclist operators across the length & breadth of the country highlighted the following needs, though there was a prick which opined that even a deuce-ace wheelwright under TATA banner would be welcomed by the market (i) Owning hurt of the vehicle should not exceed INR 200,000/(ii) Fuel Efficiency. Reduce per ton per km cost. iii) Maneuverability of three wheeler but with higher level of a. Safety b. Durability c. Ruggedness d. Reliability e. Higher payload f. repose of a four wheeled truck. (iv) And finally Personal Motivation to drive a four wheeler to enhance the status of operators in the society and thereby create transportation entrepreneurs . Tata Motors addressed all the key requirements of the market with TATA ACE, A four wheeler with economical pricing, Fuel Efficient engine, pay load of 1750 kgs and strengthened in safety features including enhanced comfort. ) How was Segmentation & Targeting done for TATA ACE? As a Functional segmentation, Tata motors decided that the ACE would address the spectrum of LCV to transport 750 1500 kgs over 100-200 kms and pip it between the Rickshaws/Cart and Pick up trucks merging the functional needs of different customers. They also furth er segmented this functional segmented customers into four groups to wit , Performance sensitive (7%) o Interested in status, Brand image and speed o volition to pay higher prices for features Current owners/ operators of larger SUVs or cars. Balanced perspective (25%) o pop off on Investment o Comfort and features o Owners Entrepreneurs o Purchasing three wheeler, due to absence of an alternative. Return on Investment sensitive (55%) o Per Ton per Km cost o No range for Non-monetary purchase considerations o Generally fleet owners/ operators- who hired drivers Acquisition price constrained (13%) o Lacked reliance o Could not afford for slightly expensive vehicles. o Prefer three wheelerFinally they identified a group that could not afford any motorized vehicle using bullock & horse carts, rack rickshaws, manual pull carts. However this group over time can move up and be a TATA ACE customer. Based on functional & customer segmentation and also considering potentiality p rocess of the market , TATA Motors estimated and targeted 45% of the ACEs customers planning to purchase 3 Wheeler 15% from potential pickup & LCV purchasers and 40% from first time CV purchasers. 4) Explain the Marketing Mix 4Ps Product, Price, Place, Promotion strategy capable for TATA ACE?Product TATA ACE was designed to address three major customer needs in terms of product ie. , Overloading capability 2 cylinder water cooled engine, based on the proven Indica diesel motor engine Safety, Comfort and aesthetic considerations Price Though the price appargonntly was higher at 225,000 as against 100,000-200,000, they addressed the Per ton per km cost. Tata Ace would cost Rs. 6. 70 for delivering one ton of sizeables over per km as against 7. 88, their nearest competitor could offer and segment average of 8. 54. PlaceTata motors decided to roll out in phase beginning with 5 states in Western and Southern parts of India where the demand for three wheelers were high. They al so benchmarked distribution network against two & three wheeler dealer network. Based on the data, they positive new dealership format called 1S (Sales), as against traditional 3S dealership network. Each existing Tata Motors 3S Dealer (Sales, proceeds & Spares) was required to set up 8 to 20 1S centers in their region and staff them with existing employees. within 3 months 300 new distribution points were set up.Promotion Tata motors used both Print and TV media to position and promote the product. Chota Hathi Symbol of Power, Reliability and Mini product A boy rushing to school, Wife eyesight off for the day, Off to Work in Tata Ace and Going to School in Tata Ace. Also their perspective statements viz. , o Indias first Mini truck o Small is Big o Stability & Trust of big truck o Economic liberation o Feel good about jab o Transportation at the last mile 5) What is the current trend of TATA ACE. Who are their competitors and suggest a future steps taken for TATA ACE?Present day competitors are Mahindra Gio Mahindra Maxximo Piagio aper Mini Truck Force Trump Minidor. A few steps suggested for TATA ACE to continue to be the top seller are Continue to innovate and ring in changes to make the vehicle more(prenominal) fuel efficient. Increase engine torque to demonstrate performance in hilly regions Continue to bind costs and offer competitive price to customers Increase Go Green initiative with increase in ENG and Electric drive variants Target export market aggressively with both features and better pricing.