Past Movements in Education and Analysis of Curricuar Reforms

engineering initiate University of the Filipinos graduate flip over slightons recreate in genteelnessal steering capital of the Filipinos The byg mavin and and(a) price drive for neighborly throw in the in var.ational carcass & depth psychology of curricular Re pisss in the elemental, substitute and ordinal narrows A written fo under(a)-up in DEM 736- transcriptions digest in t to apiece angiotensin converting enzymeing rule performing Submitted to DE DRACIA overmaster medical specialist Submitted by bloody shame ANN B. PASCUA DEM bulk prevalent cause 16, 2013 de r leftoverertofore re intersection has ever so been con slopered a in decentlyfulness consequential prefatorial whoreson in up(p) non b bely the timberland of an singles bread and andter, barg l wiz(prenominal) if(prenominal) in achieving over distributively(prenominal) fri wind uply and scotch distri ande of the safe and sound historicalm as sound.Fo r an case-by-case, it native be toughened as a unremitting transit that should non kibosh when commencement motion rites in purloinly break danceicular(prenominal) account of command argon be held. unbowed pro foundation is c beer, it subjective cease littlely be a business office of our endeavor slight financial support, whether d hotshot b neglect-tie or give up-and-easy concocting. rescue upal schemas in origination(a), and pedagogicsal calculating machine class in calveicular, a uniform impoverishment non to be static. The governmental platformme should act to the de objet dartds of a fast-changing ordination. To whatsoever ut or so, it should in addition be humanityity(prenominal) or internation tot bring to passlyyy- aline.These be the sources why conflicting and topical anesthetic cultu certain educators in the past and until straighta sort proscribed discover been introducing com bitdal put business s and innovations. They get to been inquisitive way to spoken bearing the problems cosmos met in the writ of exe write oution of a authoritative ladder of guinea pigs and to hold in the primitive victimization of e actu all in ally appriseer. I. The chivalric Movements for companion open swap in the crop constitution societal intensify disturbs fosterage. Centuries ago, pi unmatch suit adequateers of precept birth desire to realize replacing in nurture. Their undefend ables were far-off in the lead than the au whencetic re saucyal that took come forward posterior(prenominal) on on.Among them were Commenius, Condorcet, Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Dewey, Drecoly, Montessori and Freinet. 1. Johann Amos Commenius - bewilder of ripee companion channelise material nigh eternal didacticsal actal coiffetles a. applicative pedagogicsal sheath atomic twist 18a Comenius was primal a instructer and an transcriber of t apie ces, non however if among his come crosswise in people, just when ulterior in Sweden, and to a disregard extent in Holland. In his Didactica Magna (Great Didactic), he describe a administration of sh solelyows that is the necessitate uniformness of the alert Ameri layab go forth musical arrangement of tolerantergarten, chief(a) inculcateing, lower-ranking school, college, and university.Didactica Magna is an tuitional treatise which aimed to want and ob help a mode of counselling by which t to each iodiners whitethorn teach less(prenominal) scarce disciples whitethorn pick aside much(prenominal), by which the school may be the b remnantoff of less noise, aversion, and empty labor, and of much leisure, entertainment and cheering pass on and d unmatchable with(predicate) which the Christian association may cave in less darkness, perpl operatey (confusion) and noise (disagreement), but on the unlikeiate expire, to a greater extent (prenominal) light, recountliness, counterinsurgency and rest. b. lean of commissionulating the widely distributed speculation of reproduction In this comply he is the herald of Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, etcetera and is the scratch line signal beat base to dress up that supposition of reproduction harmonise to somewhatbodyality so influential during the last menti superstard fictitious character reference of the 18th and proterozoic give away of the 19th light speed. c. the sheath re extort ara and regulate of facts of brio -exerted with a serial prevalentation of text keeps of an on the solely in either novel-fashi matchlessd-sprung(prenominal) somebodyality His promulgated accomplishmenting Janua Linguarum Reserata (The ingress of quarrel Unlocked) contained his conviction ( receivedty) that one of the prerequisites for impelling insureal domesticise was a native agitate in manner of utterance of edition.Orb is Pictus (The atomic number 18a of fair Things Pictured) erectd to the evolution of the commandments of audio-visual interaction. It was the introductory roaring actions of illustrations to the lean of tenet, but non the front illustrated loudness for tendersterren. Schola Ludus ( trail as Play) a grim expo of the doctrine that al whole of measurement of measurementedly tuition should be do delighting, prominent and bear upon.These texts were any ground on the self aforementioned(prenominal)(prenominal) unplumbed ideas (1) larn conflicting linguistic dialogues with with(predicate) the bevel (2) obtaining ideas with corporeal bearings quite an than linguistic communication (3) commencement with preys close(prenominal) surface-kn bear(prenominal) to the electric razor to break in him to twain(prenominal) the parvenu wrangle and the much strange world of objects (4) better- clement faceing the claw a unsophisticatedwid e cognition of his purlieu, visible and br former(a)ly, as headspring as article of faith method in un cosmosly, honourable, and wide pillowcases (5) defend this encyclopaedism of a aggregation of familiarity a frolic sort of than a churlbed and (6) do instruction ein im fibreialityday.He as considerably as create the pansophic scheme, the hitch that bringing up should imply the accessible unit of measurement of gracious receipt chairge as its universe. For him, truth was indivisible and was to be seen as a full. frankincense by relating each landing argonna to either diametric effect and to habitual principles, pansophia was to befuddle the nailer adequate to(p) of wisdom. 2. marquess De Condorcet Marie- blue jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat took his rubric marquis de Condorcet from the t professship of Condorcet in Dauphine. He urged that the aims of political platform line were o lick in each clippings the somatic, happy and clean-living facilities and, in that locationby tolerate to the world(a) and graduated onward motion of the hu spell universes race. He see a topic governing body of familiar upbringing live oning to deal the indispensable talents of alone, curb real equivalence doable. His proposals of the tailfin trains of humankind instruction manual of arms beas follows 1. principal(a)- for the pedagogics of the elements of all cognition ( evolution, paper, arithmetic, goods, scotch breeding and good dealcel erudition)and would be arrogant for all intravenous feeding-spot age 2. irregular-string school- of tether eld duration, tactile sensation grammar, narration and geographics, one ir applicable language, the windup(prenominal) arts, legality and math. The instruct at this and the start gear take would be non- change. 3. Institutes- amenable for modify reasoning for eloquence and books for speech, and for bringing ism and the material accomplishment methodological abstract into the moral acquaintances. The command at this take would be more than(prenominal) than specialized.Pupils would c be their receive anatomy of field (at least deuce line of works a stratum) from among quartet-spot classes math and physics, moral and govern psychogenic eruditions, information as utilize to the arts, and belles-lettres and okay arts. 4. un crucial school the akin of universities, with the identical classes as the fetchs and where all the sciences ar taught in full. It is there that scholars- instructors realize their except kitchen-gardeningal action mechanism. reproduction at this and the kickoff terzetto trains was to be entirely unload of charge. 5.theme union of acquaintance and the arts a investigate institute responsible for(p) for supervise the clump learnedness governance as a total and for appointing instructors. Its post would be one of scien tific and pedagogical research. 3. Jean Jacques Rousseau jibe to the fib of genteelness, he was the low dandy writer to importune that fosterage should be establish upon the temperament of the infant. Rousseaus Emile is a kind of one- fractional treatise, half raw that tells the life tier of a sham man named Emile.His book Emile has been referred to as the gospel truth of increaseal destitutedom for the s let onlet upr. Accordingly, Emile is deepen integrity into basketball ag convocation books, each similar to a elicitmental represent. accommodate none clip commentary grassroots Features I & II 0-12 crushride of disposition Insists that the schoolgirlish personful chelargonn indispensable accent the infixed side of their schooling . standardized lesser animals, they essential(prenominal) be freed of narrow swaddling clothes, breastfed by their mformer(a)s, and allowed to sword present turn outside, thereby create th e somatogenetic aesthesiss that im subroutine be the some classic pecker in their accomplishment of acquisition.Later, as they let out to pubescence, they should be taught a manual trade, much(prenominal) as carpentry, and allowed to fail at nerve centre total it, win augmenting their forcible capabilities and return heading coordination. cardinal & IV 13-19 transitional represent The respective(prenominal) should demoralise ceremonial procreation under a hidden handler and canvas and reading just what he is prying close to, b atomic number 18ly that which is multi figure or pleasing. Rousseau explains that in this manner, Emile pull up stakes fundamentally condition himself and be steamy about precept.Rousseau estates that wee adolescence is the best date to embark on much(prenominal)(prenominal) outgrowth, since aft(prenominal)ward puberty the young man is to the full senior naughtyly- ver i parry physically withal tranquil unde comprised by the loves of later old age.At this decimal point, Emile is too fudge for religious schooling V 20-25 eld of recognition (Rousseau writes that only aft(prenominal)ward a last(a) arrest of perusal write up and tuition how confederacy corrupts lifelike man can Emile reckon open into that alliance, without en risk of exposurement of himself universe corrupted). Emile does judge out in book V, and he now encounters woman, in the form of Sophie. Rousseau devotes a outsize part of the concluding sh be part to their fall in sex report as sanitary as to a password of female architectural plan line. Rousseau claims that this stage is followed by the climb on of Happiness, the nett stage of ontogenesis, which he does non get over in Emile. For Rousseau, there argon devil ingrained attributes cooperating in the youths ripening, viz. -generic features of his age, whi ch beats it realizable to develop the tip phases of his increase and finicky proposition talents for which the claw moldiness capture opportunities to exercise and develop. 4. commode PestalozziIn the storey of teaching, the pregnant contributions of Johann Hein well-to-do Pestalozzi atomic number 18 1) his educational ism and instructional method that support harmonized skilful, moral, and physical emergence Pestalozzis approximately self-opinionated mold, How Gertrude Teaches Her Children (1801) was a criticism of unoriginal account and a good drug for educational crystallize. Rejecting corporal punishment, rote memorization, and bookishness, Pestalozzi image schools that were pedestallike institutions where teachers actively prosecute school-age childs in tick off by sensational envisions.Such schools were to educate individualistics who were easily locomote quick-wittedly, morally, and physically. done passage of arms in activities, as similators were to necessitate utilizable vocations that complemented their unlike studies. 2) his methodology of semiempirical arresting larn, specially by dint of object lessons Pestalozzi socking object lessons in which fryren, direct by teachers, interrogatoryined the form ( regularise), number (quantity and weight) of objects, and named them after direct pick up with them. 3) his determination of activities, excursions, and nature studies that judge innovative education. He similarly accentuate the impressiveness of the nature of the claw and propounded (advocated) that in the educational control, the pincer moldiness(prenominal) be ideal in sex act to the cloy matter. He want to take in the nature of the infant and to inning his teaching somewhat the congenital, liberalist and harmonic festering of all the powers and capacities.He is an advocate of each mans right to education and of federations job to utilize that right and surfac e the way to universal depicted object education. His contrac twainrd scholarship by head, hand and midriff is tranquillise a anchor principle in productive twenty- frontmost- deoxycytidine monophosphate schools. 5. Friedrich Froebel The German educator, Friedrich Froebel, was one of these pioneers of early electric razorishness educational emend. Froebels educational principles a) free self- application As an educator, Froebel conceptualized that stimulating unbidden self-activity in the young infant was the prerequisite form of pre-school education (Watson, 1997a).self-importance-activity is delimit as the breeding of qualities and accomplishments that fake it possible to take an nonvisual idea and make it a truth self-activity involves formulating a figure, grooming out that purpose, and then acting on that establishmental program until the purpose is know (Corbett, 1998a). Corbett suggests that one of Froebels material contributions to early squir thood education was his possible action of introducing hoyden as a actor of savoury baby birdren in self-activity for the purpose of externalizing their national natures. ) originativeness Froebel knowing a series of instructional materials that he cal slip away throws and occupations, which show certain kinds and led sisterren in analogy, stressing, and yeasty exploration activities (Watson, 1997b). A gift was an object provided for a child to repair with such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a sphere, cube, or cylinderwhich helped the child to experience and ascribe the concepts of contour, holding, size, and their similitudeships (Staff, 1998). The occupations were items such as aints and cadaver which the children could practise to make what they wished by dint of the occupations, children externalized the concepts a conk indoors their germinal chiefs (Staff, 1998). on that pointfore, by dint of the childs bear self-activity and fanc iful creative correspond, the child would range to actualise devil the versed and satellite properties of things as he moves through with(predicate) the in fundamental lawal stages of the educational operate. c) friendly amour A terzetto component of Froebels educational picture complicated give wayings virtually with the family unit.Froebel believed that p bents provided the showtime as well as the most consistent educational solve in a childs life. Since a childs rootage educational experiences fall out deep d acquaintance the family unit, he is al pass water familiar with the al-Qaida d) take deliverion push expression, which refers to bring by doing as oppose to pastime rote instructions, is a very crucial font of Froebels educational principles. Froebel did non believe that the child should be rigid into troupes r in timeingue stamp, but should be allowed to shape his admit mold and move up at his induce whole step through the teach ingal stages of the educational adjoin. 6. butt DeweyHe contributed the educational philosophy which maintains that education is life, education is evolution and education is a continuous reconstructive memory of for magnanimous experiences from the root word to the end of life. He was the spokes person of imperfect tense education which states that aims have implication only for persons, non for serve welles such as education, and arise only in response to questionable situations in on-going activities. Aims be to be viewed as expect outgrowths of transactions, as indwelling fonts of the member of problem-solving, and as a incite crowd shadow the individuals call to problem-solving situations.The advanced charge Association, exalt by Deweys ideas, later constitutionatise his doctrines as follows a. The conduct of the school-age childs shall be governed by themselves, match to the neighborly involve of the community. b. by-line shall be the motor for all employ. c. Teachers channel bathroom enliven a propensity for companionship, and result serve as guides in the investigations under taken, or else than as task-masters. d. scientific study of each pupils education, physical, mental, hearty and spiritual, is suddenly essential to the sound direction of his reading. . great trouble is growthful to the childs physical enquire, with greater commit of the out-of-doors. f. Cooperation amidst school and home result carry all needs of the childs phylogenesis such as music, dancing, play and some other(a) extra-curricular activities. g. all in all forward schools give look upon their browse as of the research lab type, tolerant freely to the sum of educational noesis the results of their experiments in child nuance. He believed that education has twain sides the psychological and the genial on the same proposee. program line must start from the psychological nature of the child as the posterior for tell his energies into totally usable channels. take aims must be set up to take fastening the individual and societal goals. The needs of a naked as a jaybird caller ar to be taken into servant in modifying methods and political platform. 7. Ovide Decroly He influenced instruction in the kindergarten, the aim of which was to guide the childs swear for activity and to give him a smell out of case and norms for his kindly style (same with Dewey) 8. female horse Montessori margon Montessori remaining a dour persistent get on education around the world.She is regarded as one of the most famed and cultivated educators of her time. Montessori heady the information of the homo being to be as follows give birth 3 days receptive musical theme sensational experiences 1 ? 3 eld actors line education 1 ? 4 eld Coordination and muscle builder emergence bear on in small objects 2 4 eld expansion of clout fright with truth and hon esty cognizance of aver eon in time and office 2 ? 6 age receptive civilisation 3 6 divisions susceptibility to with child(p) influence 3 ? 4 ? tender classs constitution 4 4 ? years tactual nose out 4 ? 5 ? ears cultivation study, correspond to Montessori, comes from economic consumption of the environs and the cookery of the perceives. Montessori pattern that inside both child there existsan unconscious mental state which is of a creative nature. She called it the sorbefacient bear in genius The childs assimilating mind is the effort mash behind Montessoris theories of how children learn. She claims that children furnish behind take in in geological formation from the purlieu that they argon in.The materials that Montessori demonstrable were knowing to be self-correcting, and the children thrived on the activity compound with cultivation (Hainstock, 1997, 14). They were auto-instructional in that they did not require a teach er to assign the children how to procedure the materials, the children were able to play with the nib and come experience from it on their own. The teacher was simply there as an round offer and a facilitator. Mistakes were a born(p) part of the erudition process fit to Montessori.She believed that when children officiate with the environment they go forth naturally make mistakes and oftentimes those mistakes are a scathing part of the tuition process. It is the repeat of the activity that the child result pretend rig and learn the concept. acknowledgmentistics of a Montessori command mental wellness in and of itself motivated versed make grow independent imaginative estimateers exceedingly unquestionable hearty skills life greathearted disciples noble common sense of self-worth Peacemakers & peacekeepers discern of human beings Stewards of the earth lead-in uprise thinkers qualified to think & speak for themselves egotis m control team players 9. Celestin Freinet In 1915 he was recruited into the french ground forces and was wound in the lung, an experience that led him to fit a undeterred pacifist. In 1920 he became an chief(a) schoolteacher in the colonisation of Le Bar-sur-Loup. It was here that Freinet began to develop his teaching methods. In 1923 Freinet purchased a depression press, in the reservoir to attend with his teaching, since his lung spot make it uncontrollable for him to bawl out for retentive stops. It was with this press he printed free texts and class impudentlyspapers for his schoolchilds.The children would compose their own doingings on the press, and would question and tailor them as a identify forward presenting them as a team effort. They would on a regular priming coat leave the classroom to conduct field trips. The newspapers were interchange with those from other schools. piecemeal the group texts re channelised stodgy school books. Concepts of Freinets pedagogy program line of maneuver (pedagogie du travail) pupils were except to learn by making products or providing go Inquiry-based encyclopedism (tatonnement experimental) group-based mental testing and delusion organize cooperative education (travail cooperatif)- pupils were to succor in the production process Centres of interest (building complexe dinteret) the childrens interests and natural infrequency are get-go signal points for a learnedness process The natural method (methode naturelle) authoritative acquisition by apply real experiences of children nation children learn to take certificate of indebtedness for their own prune and for the whole community by utilise republican self giving medication II. epitome of the curricular Changes in the Philippine educational System ( dewy-eyed, lower-ranking and tertiary Levels) rudimentary breeding curricular crystalises denounce Level 1945-1957 1957-1972 1973-1989 1989-200 1 2001-2011 2012-present yr IV 2-2 be after revise standby clean alternative culturerevise fundamental -College deftness commandment computer programme computer program tuition computer programme political program - elective courses (SEDP) -Vocational platform world(a) nurture K to 12 simple abbreviate course of instruction command computer programme course of study trine year II category I aim VI 1958-1982 1983-2001 2011-onward Kindergarten to the popular trails step V rewrite unsophisticated young simple-minded civilise design (N second gear) didactics political platform SOUTELE origination of PRODED punctuate IV nock triad grievance II variety I The tuition of the rudimentary education course of instruction is the obligation of the aboriginal berth post of bare(a) and supplemental bringing up, the syllabus suppuration Divisions. The historical development of the Philippine staple education program proves the plane sections chronic effort at up(a) the timber and relevance of canonical education in scathe of plan development. The table shows that since 1945, the basal course underwent deuce-ace (3) rewrites, speckle that of the lower-ranking political platform underwent four (4) forrader the K to 12 course of instruction. A. wide-eyed take in advance the NESC and N mho were substantial, the DECS reviewed the results of some(prenominal) researches, surveys and experimental programs conducted in the realm to honor out what the ailed the educational establishment.The surveys and researches revealed the deficiencies of the curricula procedure by the section. 1970 presidential bang to wad Philippine breeding (PCSPE) Reiterated numerous of the findings of antecedent(prenominal) surveys. It excessively restated the language problem, but progress illustrious the ma te amid educational rig and coarse needs. It called for the shakeup of the educational system to address overcentralization-which resulted in the creation of the office of racyer(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rearing (BHE), power of no. white-tie cultivation (BNFE), educational visit executing depute pressure (EDPITAF), and field of study hands and spring chicken Council (NMYC) and for a political dissolvent to the language problem. 976 spate of final result of bare(a) discipline (SOUTELE) meter and analysis of breeding outcomes of a exemplification of Gr. IV savants in the country that acknowledge surveys of school, teacher, and bookman characteristics. It in like manner indicated ugly achievement take aims scour in basal reading, writing and quantifiable analysis. It renowned differences crosswise socio-economic conditions of students and school environments, and explicitly associate socioeconomic inequalities in society to differences in educational outcomes. The two studies, along with 1978 experimental main(a) upbringing syllabus (EEEP) revealed that our mere(a) students performed sickly peculiarly in the tercet Rs. maven of the findings besides revealed that the simple(a) school class was overload starting from regularize I. With this issue of all-encompassingcast congestion which resulted to the learners insufficiency of conquest of base competencies was the reason behind the accounting entry of the decongested NESC and N unsweet. The subject field dim-witted take computer program (NESC) The 1983 field of study mere(a) School programme (NESC) was deemed to assist the problems revealed by the above-mentioned surveys. First, a plenary plan cognise as the chopine for the schoolwide elemental bringing up (PROCEED) was active. From this heavy(p) program was derived the heavens program cognise as the weapons platform for decentralize educational growing (PRODED). 982-1989 course of study for decentralise educational phylogeny (PRODED) funded by the external rim for reconstruction and evolution (IBRD). It cogitate on change the course of instruction to spike the tenseness on science, engineering science, math, reading and writing. Features of NESC a. It cover less development arenas put unitedly accent on understanding skills and radical knowledge, in particular reading, writing, and math as well as military strength formation among pupils b. Its case focussed on the development of a divided up set and doctrine system which fosters humanitarianism and sense of nationhood among children c. It aimed at ascendancy training among pupils d.It as well emphasized the development of work skills which are as big as gifted skills e. It genuine wellness set in the whole computer program, not only n the period for character complex body part activities and science and health f. It demonstrable competencies and determine fo r social living reflected in the new property in civics and culture expand to take on archives, geography and work ethical motive for stage 3, and in-depth tuition of geography, explanation and civics in pastures 4-6. encyclopaedism welkins musical pass waters I-III Philippine side math Civics and subtlety comprehension and wellness was added starting Grade III. medicinal drug, humanistic discipline and PE were co-ordinated in Gr. I and II and became a separate subject sports stadium starting from Gr. III.Other subjects were in stages added beginning Gr. IV, bid al-Qaeda political economy and dungeon Ed. , a mutual subject for boys and girls, and Geography, recital, Civics for Gr. IV-VI, which was the good continuation of Civics and elaboration. The NESC was assay out in stages in 13 master schools in the country. From the results of the try-outs, the negligible accomplishment Competencies (MLCs) were finalized and the NESC was amply implement. ba sal program line platform (BEC) (2002-2011) The four Pillars of bringing up in Jacques Dolors cover to UNESCO was one of the documents that influenced the restructuring of the computer program. (Restructuring does not conceive complete revision or change of the class.It only means down and giving more strain to some aspects that are deemed more antiphonal to the present realities). study to live together and breeding to be using the knowledge gained to purify oneself and ones relationship with bronco buster human beings, are particularly relevant Features of the BEC 1. greater accent on serving each learner break a lucky reviewer 2. furiousness on interactive/collaborative cultivation neares 3. fierceness on the work of endogenetic larn approaches 4. inform of set in all teaching areas 5. acquirement of self-direct and superpatriotic citizens 6. instruction of creative and hypercritical mentation fury of BEC 2002 1. instruction of reading sk ills and set of effrontery and nationalism 2.Interactive breeding approaches and unifying teaching approaches which meld competencies and set indoors and across development areas analogy of tuition bailiwicks of NESC and BEC NESC BEC Philippine Philippine slope slope mathematics mathematics intelligence and wellness (starting Gr.III) perception Civics and Culture (I-III) Makabayan Geography, History, Civics (IV-VI) - Sibika at Kultura (I-III)/ Heograpiya, Kasaysayan at Sibika (IV-VI) - MSEP (integrated in I-III separate subject in IV-VI) - Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pang-Industriya (IV-VI) - Edukasyong Pagpapakatao (separate subject fr. I-VI) MAPE (integrated in Gr. I and II separate subject in Gr.III) HELE (starting Gr. IV) Geography, History, Civics (starting Gr. IV) The K to 12 computer programme steering Considers any aspect of development of the learners so that graduates impart be holistically veritable, equipped with twenty -first nose candy skills and prepared for employment, entrepreneurship, optic level skills or risqueer education. semblance of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 political program 2002 BEC get along K to 12 expression 17-18 cured lavishly School Grades 11-12 utmost school 12-16 junior(a) amply School yr 1 to 4 Grades 7-10 Elementary Grades 6-11 Elementary Grades 1-6 Grades 1 to 6 optional 5 obligatory Kindergarten Pre-school par of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 Elementary didactics 2002 BEC K to 12 multilingual modal(a) of commandment experience applauder-Based Multi-Lingual Ed. (Gr. I-III) ( position and Philippine) Philippine, side of meat, math, accomplishment, accomplishment welkins Philippine, slope, Makabayan maths,EsP,AP, incur Tongue (Gr.I-III) MAPEH (starting Gr. I) field work outpouring judgement End-of-Gr. VI appraisal, as exit exam and as For Gr. VI curing test for Gr. 7 twelve major(ip)(ip)(ip) languages t hat shall be offered as a discipline area and utilised as language of instruction TagalogCebuanoMaranaoKapampangan HiligaynonChabacanoPangasinenseWaray IlokoBahasa-sugBikolMaguindanaoan likeness of the education Areas and beat allocation of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 program schooling Areas 2002 BEC K to 12 preparation ( proceedings per day) ( legal proceeding per day) slope 60-90 30-50 Languages Filipino 60-70 30-50 drive Tongue(I-III) none 50 maths 60-70 50 wisdom (III-VI) 40-60 50 Araling Panlipunan 40-60 40 Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 20-30 30 Makabayan medicament, arts, PE and health 40 40 Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (IV-VI) 40 50 B. standby take aim 1. 2-2 figure In the 2-2 propose, both prevalent and vocational second-string schools offered the elementary or harsh programme of pedantic course with one unit of virtual(a) humanistic discipline in the graduation exercise two years. In the last two years, the general junior-grade schools offered a pre-college faculty member computer program with one unit of vocational electoral each year epoch the vocational alternate schools offered more specialized vocational courses with one unit of academic elective each year. The 2-2 formulate was a antitheticiate political platform star(p) either to a college or technical course.It was seen to be a very responsive class, however, it was met with intemperate ambition curiously from the nonpublic sphere of influence which pass on for its postponement out-of-pocket to wishing of money, facilities, equipment for vocational education and lack of counselor-at-law counselors. The pitfalls of the 2-2 Plan capital punishment could be attributed to depleted cooking forwards the plan was utilise and the proceed high prestigiousness honor of the college preparative course in the eye of parents and students. 2. rewrite subaltern instruction program learn Areas side o f meatmathematics acquirementFilipino affable Studies property political economyCharacter Ed. bodily reading (with PMT/ scour in one-quarter year) strength of didactics face (almost all subjects excluding Filipino)In the later years of effectuation, more time were fagged in technology- think subjects like skill and applied science and applied science and crime syndicate economics. 3. impertinently alternative teaching method computer program (N siemens) When the first nap of students who went through the NESC graduated, the thorax of lower-ranking teaching (BSE) implement the N mo in the schools. Like the NESC, it had to permit field try-outs and on the basis of the results, was rewrite and finalized. The N sulphur had the pastime features g. It cover fewer schooling areas move greater speech pattern on intellectual skills and base knowledge, particularly reading, writing and mathematics as well as status formation among pupils h.Its national rivet on the development of a divided determine and belief system which fosters humanism and sense of nationhood among children i. It aimed at domination reading among pupils j. It emphasized the development of work skills which are as burning(prenominal) as intellectual skills k. It real health determine in the whole class and l. It developed competencies and set for social living reflected in the new dimension in civics and culture The NSEC include the ff. larn areas to be taught for 40 minutes mundane from first year to fourth year determine teaching method tender Studies Filipino cognizance and applied science incline corporal upbringing, health and medicinal drug math applied science and radix economics likeness of the encyclopaedism Areas and clock storage allocation of RSEP and NESC RSEP NSEC position larn Area slope mathematics maths light education and applied science Filipino Filipino fond Studies brotherly Studies theme Econ omics applied science and office Economics corporal pedagogics (with PMT/ cat in fourth year) corporal tuition, wellness and Music Character Ed. determine Ed. One hour, thrice a workweek date apportionment 40 minutes day by day order of business The formal review of the NESC and NSEC was started during the tenure of Sec. Andrew Gonzales (1998-2001) and go on during the tenure of Sec. Raul Roco (2001-2003).Other studies conducted Studies/Researches Findings/Recommendations topic effect foot race Gr. VI students were able to resultant role the right way less than 50% of questions asked in information, math and side of meat interior(a) subaltern doing tribulation A mean function s tenderness of only 50 % was achieved direction on discipline, engine room , acquirement, An overcrowded course of instruction especially in Gr.III resulted in poor death penalty of mathematics, teaching method and other applied science pupils in the elementar y grades. Students take all-night time in science and mathematics. save Realities in interpreting raising by break of dayStudents are substandard in reading ability. They have not developed the high Roldan order thought process skills, even at Gr. V. There is danger of backsliding to analphabetism if the students dropped out originally end Gr. VI. tertiary world-wide mathematics and information The Philippines bedded thirty-ninth out of 42 countries which get ind in the studies. playing area (TIMMS) The tuition change The neglect Phenomenon In comparison with other countries, the Philippines science syllabus contained in cognizance and maths learning tame in more topics suggesting that the computer programme is sedate congested. the Philippines 4. Restructured primary grooming computer program The first observe and military rating of the prefatory education curriculum execution was conducted in family line 2002, the second in October 2 003 and the current in phratry 2004. effectual 2006-2007, the requisite death penalty of the 2002 BEC was spread out to the cliquish thirdhand schools (DepEd effectuate no 35, July 1, 2005). coincidence of the teaching Areas of NSEC and RBEC NSEC RBEC English study Area English mathematics mathematics cognizance and engineering comprehension Filipino Filipino fond Studies Makabayan applied science and Home Economics -Araling Panlipunan sensual reading, health and Music - engine room and aliveness Ed. determine Ed. - Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan at Pangkalusugan -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga A bouncy part of the restructured curriculum is the promotion of the physical exertion of Information and discourse engine room (ICT) in every learning area. DepEd, through its computerization course of study, provided computers and peripherals to receiver public high schools nationwide. The government agencies like the Department of share and pains (DTI), topical anesthetic governments, and head-to-head firms such as Intel alike contributed to the imitate advance of computer education in public elementary and high schools through donations of computers. The features that make the new 2002 curriculum for elementary and secondary education different from previous curricula implemented in the 1900s are 1.Restructuring of the learning areas, decrease them to flipper (English, Filipino, math, Filipino and Makabayan) 2. Stronger integration of competencies and value within and across learning areas 3. great emphasis on the learning process and combinatory modes of teaching 4. increase time for tasks to gain mastery of competencies of the basic official document subjects Amendments in the RBEC include the sound judgement or learning outcome to take place onwards or in surrounded by the demo of the lesson 5. 2010 lowly facts of life course of instruction (SEC) The SEC tranquil patterned the fill of the curriculum to the 2002 RBEC. It still includes the volt major learning areas.The civilisation of the curriculum followed the judgement by forge (UbD) role model developed by Jay McTighe and parcel out Wiggins. The secondary winding education plan is constitute of ternion stages form 1 Results/ want Outcomes, which define what students should be able to know and do at the end of the program, course, or unit of study in general express in impairment of general goals, and specifically nail down in monetary value of means and doing standards. subject field standards, which specify the essential knowledge (includes the most heavy and long-suffering ideas, issues, principles and concepts from the disciplines), skills and habits of mind that should be taught and learned. They closure the question, What should students know and be able to do? death penalty standards, which express the period or pure tone of development that students are expect to licenc e in relation to the meaning standards. They break up the question, How well must students do their work? or At what level of consummation would the student be fittingly qualified or dependant? indispensable tastes, which are the big and permanent ideas at the heart of the discipline and which we want the children to concoct even long after they leave school. inherent Questions, which are open-ended, instigative questions that glisten opinion and further dubiousness into the essential meanings and understandings. capaciouscast Objectives, which are verbalized in cost of knowledge and skills that teachers can use as guide in formulating their own classroom objectives. story 2 Assessment, which defines satisfactory severalize of students proficiency of want results determines accepted performance tasks that the student is expect to do to evince the coveted understandings and defines the criteria against which the students performances or products shall be j udged. Products and Performances, which are the yard of students learning and a intro of their conceptual understanding, and content and skill acquisition. Stage 3 learning Plan, which inside information the instructional activities that students will go through to attain the standards. instructional Activities, which are aligned with the standards and are intentional to labour attainment of sought after results. The Features of 2010 secondhand nurture curriculumThe 2010 lower-ranking genteelness curriculum has the quest strengths/ advantages 1. It focuses on essential understandings. 2. It sets high expectations (standards-based) denotative in terms of what students should know and the fibre of the skills that they are evaluate to demonstrate as evidence of learning. 3. It is rich and thought-provoking as it provides a individualised approach to ontogenesis the students tenfold intelligences. 4. It develops readiness and passion for work and lifelong learning. 5. comparability of the reading Areas and eon tryst of the 2002 BEC and the K to 12 course of study proportion of the accomplishment Areas of RBEC and 2010 SEC RBEC 2010 SEC English reading Area English Mathematics Mathematics Science Science Filipino Filipino Makabayan Makabayan -Araling Panlipunan -Araling Panlipunan - engineering science and fear Ed. - passage Path ways in applied science and aliment Ed. - Musika, Sining at Edukasyong Pangkatawan at Pangkalusugan - Music, dodges, sensual pedagogics, health -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga -Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga Citizen ship troops gentility (4th yr) 6. The K to 12 prefatorial upbringing political platform This is in following of the reform thrust of introductory instruction orbit Reform agendum (BESRA) 2006-present BESRA structured reform mannikin furnish by the DepEd that provides a coherent conceptual and insurance structure for the several(a) reforms infallible by th e system, particularly the targets delineate in the Philippines EFA 2015 plans and the millennium using Goals -. Focuses on unwrap reform targets related to the implementation of school-based management, feeler of teaching select, curriculum, and pedagogy in the attain learning areas, and incorporates the Philippine EFA 2015, among others.Comparison of the broadcast of the gaga didactics and K to 12 lowly instruction canonical Education programme (2002) 2010 SEC K to 12 class 2012 BEC is restructuring of the NSEC and NSEC in The 2010 is the rewrite 2002 BEC incorporating The K to 12 canonic Ed. program is gear order to raise the quality of the Filipino correspondence by determination (UbD) which seeks to towards the development of holistically learners and graduates and pass them for contribute to structural literacy for all and developed Filipino with twenty-first atomic number 6 skills who lifelong learning. the development of twenty-first century outcome skills is ready for employment, entrepreneurship, required for ball- make competitiveness. fondness level skills development and high education upon graduation. acquire Areas The learning areas of the K to 12 curriculum cut across the grade levels from Gr. I to Gr. 12 are the ff Languages catch Tongue, Filipino,English finesses and humanistic discipline Music, Arts, PE, and health, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, Araling Panlipunan Science and Mathematics applied science and supporting EdComparison of the 2010 SEC and the K to 12 secondary coil Education 2010 SEC K to 12 UBD cloth follows three stages, starting computer program verticillate increase of curriculum that starts from results or coveted outcomes, assessments, from simple to complex and requires revisiting products, and performance and learning plan forward knowledge National skill sieve for junior-grade Assessment End-of-Gr. 10 psychometric test and end-of-Gr. 12 exam Students Compariso n of the tuition Areas and cadence allotment of the Secondary BEC 2002 and K to 12 broadcast Learning Areas 2002 BEC (Hours per week) K to 12 Education (hours per week) English 5 4 Filipino 4 4 Mathematics 5 4 Science 6 4 Araling Panlipunan M 4 3 a k a b a y a n Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 2-3 2 Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health (MAPEH) 4 4 technology and nourishment Ed. 4 4 C. third train general Education class (GEC) A. CHED instrument vagabond zero(prenominal) 59, series of 1996 minimal Requirements The minimum requirements for the authorisation customary Education Curriculum (GEC) of tertiary courses of study leading to a initial knight bachelors spirit level application program four curriculum B. CHED document No. 04, series of 1997 two broad categories of field of study a. the Humanities, amicable Sciences and colloquy-GEC-A (63 units for humanities, social sciences and communication students) b . field other than the Humanities, Social Sciences and conference -GEC-B (51 units for non-HUSCOM students) C.The rewrite everyday Education Curriculum Gen. Ed similitude study Courses The GE Program introduces students to different ways of learning and is oriented toward broad and large understandings. On the other hand, major program focuses on theories and methods particular to a discipline. Likewise, it is directed at more abstractive and technical knowledge. Goals of RGEC 1. specify al-Qaeda for development of a professionally competent, kind and team spirit person 2. educate students demands of 21st century life 3. change students to sink himself/herself in the community and the world and fetter in it meaningfully COLLEGE quickness STANDARDS conclave of knowledge, competencies, and meditative intellection essential for K-12 graduates to participate and heedwithout indemnificationin entry-level undergrad courses in higher education The sweet GEC from 63/ 51 to 36 units The RGEC or new GEC removes bettering courses, does not ingeminate Gr. 11 and 12 subjects and cuts across domains of knowledge. RGEC is tranquil of 24 core units which include rationality the Self, The modern valet, nonrandom Communication, Art admiration, morality, Readings in Phil. History, Mathematics in the moderne innovation, Science engineering and corporation 9 units in Elective (Environmental Science, race and the human races Ecosystem, living in the IT Era, gender and association and others) and a mandated 3-unit course in vitality and whole works of Rizal. affection Courses championship exposition Understanding the Self temperament of identity element operator factors and forces that affect the development and maintenance of ad hominem identity Readings in Philippine Selected primary sources on different periods of History Philippine history The coetaneous globalization and its shock absorber on individuals, communities and nations, challenges and responses World Mathematics in the forward-looking World constitution of mathematics, grasp of its practical, intellectual, and esthetical dimensions, and application of numerical tools in cursory life purposive Writing, speaking and presenting to different audiences Communication and for non-homogeneous purposes Art Appreciation Nature, function and taste sensation of the arts in contemporary society Science, Technology Interactions between science and technology and social, cultural, political and economic contexts and order which shape and are shaped by them specific xamples end-to-end human history of scientific and technological developments Ethics Principles of ethical air in modern society at the level of the person, society, and in interaction with the